A pioneering study offers unprecedented insights into the bone immune microenvironment of type 2 diabetic mice, uncovering a unique genetic profile that includes decreased osteoclast differentiation.

The surge in digital data presents both unprecedented opportunities and formidable challenges across industries. A recent scoping survey sheds light on the transformative role of machine learning (ML) in unlocking the potential of big data (BD) to reveal hidden patterns, streamline operations, and drive innovation. The study explores the historical evolution of BD and ML, their seamless integration, and the significant obstacles posed by the volume, velocity, variety, and veracity of data. Through real-world case studies in healthcare, finance, e-commerce, and energy, the research underscores how ML can revolutionize decision-making and operational efficiency, paving the way for the next wave of data-driven advancements.

Combining bright-field and edge-enhanced imaging affords an effective avenue for extracting complex morphological information from objects, which is particularly beneficial for biological imaging. Towards this goal, Scientists in China developed a nonlocal Huygens’ meta-lens with a high quality factor, enabling multiplexing functionality for bright-field and edge-enhanced imaging by controlling output spin states. This work provides a versatile framework for nonlocal metasurfaces, boosting biomedical imaging and sensing applications requiring precise wavelength specificity.

Toroidal vortices, common in fluid dynamics, are newly explored in electromagnetism as two distinct forms: vector toroidal pulses and scalar phase vortices. This work proposes hybrid electromagnetic toroidal vortices unifying scalar and vector natures of light. Using a coaxial horn emitter with a radial metasurface, researchers experimentally generate these toroidal pulses exhibiting vortex streets, skyrmions, and transverse orbital angular momentum. It will offer robust propagation and potential applications in free-space communication and topologically rich light-matter interactions.

In recent years, China has been rapidly advancing the development of its low-altitude economy, with 2024 being recognized as the "Year One" of low-altitude economy in China. Driven by policy support and technological innovation, China’s low-altitude economy is expected to grow into a trillion-yuan industry in 2025, positioning itself as a key driver of economic transformation and industrial upgrading. This rapid expansion presents both opportunities and challenges for Geographic Information Science and Technology, which plays a crucial role in optimizing airspace management and supporting UAV-based applications. A research team from the State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, carried out a comprehensive review on the opportunities and challenges for Geographic Information Science and Technology in this evolving field. Their study provides valuable insights into the role of geographic information technologies in supporting low-altitude economic activities, particularly in the areas of airspace resource utilization, air traffic infrastructure, and UAV operation management. The study offers a scientific foundation for advancing geographic information applications in this field. Journal of Geo-information Science has published the study.

The geographic system is an integrated framework encompassing natural and human phenomena on the Earth's surface and their interactions. While existing Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are capable of digitally processing geographic elements, their models typically rely on predefined rules and historical data, lacking bidirectional interaction between physical and informational spaces. This limitation makes them less effective in addressing rapidly changing and complex three-dimensional geographic environments. To address this issue, the research team at the Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, proposed the concept of the "Geographic Intelligent Agent" and developed the prototype, "EarthSage." "EarthSage" provides real-time spatial decision-making support in fields such as disaster response and urban planning. Journal of Geo-information Science has published the study's results.

Poly adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, a class of targeted anticancer therapies, prevent genetic repair mechanisms in cancer cells by competitively binding to the active site of PARP and limiting its activity. A new review study by researchers from Sichuan University, China, outlines the molecular mechanisms of PARP inhibitors and the potential for combination therapies comprising PARP inhibitors and other anticancer drugs to improve treatment outcomes against various cancers while limiting the adverse effects.

This study found that bean inoculation with Rhizobium alone or in combination with P application, can increase grain yield of the two common bean cultivars. This indicates that recommending these agronomic inputs for use by resource-poor farmers in Ethiopia will be very helpful to increase the local common bean yield. Compared with the Ibbado, Hawassa Dume has a higher yield. Therefore, Hawassa Dume could be recommended for adoption by farmers in combination with the Rhizobium inoculant strain HB-429 and P at 20 kg·ha⁻¹ P in Ethiopia.

The virtual teaching and research section for database courses proposes an open community-based operating model, founded on the core concepts of "openness, dedication, competition, and orderliness." It establishes a hierarchical organizational structure and working group operation mechanism.

A recent review has unveiled an innovative method for monitoring fossil fuel CO₂ emissions using satellite observations of co-emitted NO₂. This approach promises to provide more precise and efficient emission tracking compared to traditional ground-based methods, overcoming significant challenges in distinguishing human-made emissions from natural sources. By capitalizing on the short atmospheric lifespan and high detectability of NO₂, this method enhances the ability to monitor emissions at a variety of scales, from individual power plants to entire nations. This new technique plays a vital role in bolstering global climate change mitigation efforts and ensuring countries meet their commitments under the Paris Agreement.