image: Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of in vitro-cultured Klebsiella (Kp-2H7). This material relates to a paper that appeared in the Oct. 20 2017, issue of Science , published by AAAS. The paper, by K. Atarashi at Keio University School of Medicine in Tokyo, Japan, and colleagues was titled, "Ectopic colonization of oral bacteria in the intestine drives TH 1 cell induction and inflammation."
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Credit: Alessia Ranciaro
科学家们指出,口腔可能是引起肠病细菌的一个储库,这些细菌能加剧炎性肠病(IBD)、溃疡性结肠炎(UC)和克罗恩氏病(CD)的病情。这些分析或能为研发有效治疗这些疾病的方法开启急需的新途径。尽管IBD、UC和CD与肠道微生物群失衡有关系,但其基础原因仍然成谜。过去的研究提示,口腔细菌通常不会生活在健康的肠道内,因为它们会与肠道中天然存在的大量微生物群竞争生存空间。有趣的是,有报道指出,在罹患IBD、HIV、肝硬化和结肠癌患者的肠道微生物群中,源自口腔的细菌量会增加。为做进一步的调查,Koji Atarashi和同事采集了IBD和CD患者的唾液样本,并将其移植到无菌小鼠的肠道内。研究人员观察到,在某些小鼠中,当分离自唾液的克雷白氏杆菌菌株定植于肠道时,它会促发强力的T细胞免疫反应。作者指出,当肠道微生物组受到损害时,克雷白氏杆菌已知会定植于肠道,因而会在易感性遗传体质的宿主中引发严重炎症,并最终促成肠道疾病。他们指出,这些结果提供了一种治疗方法,它能通过对源自口腔的细菌(尤其是克雷白氏杆菌)进行靶向治疗来矫正IBD及其它许多相关疾病。由Xuetao Cao等撰写的相关《视角》对这些结果做了进一步的探究。
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