Phase-control mechanisms of 2D In2Se3 films. (IMAGE)
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a, Sketch map of the phase-control strategy, evolution of Se/In atom ratio in precursors and films, and the DFT-calculated energy difference between monolayer β and β′ phase dependent on the Se vacancy density. b, Sketch map of the in situ heating TEM showing the transition from β-InSe to β′-In2Se3. c, High-resolution transmission electron microscopy images of InSe flakes before and after heating. Scale bars, 5 nm. d, In situ SAED patterns of β-InSe flake at 25 °C, 450 °C (heating) and 200 °C (cooling). Scale bars, 5 nm−1. e, Calculated strain-dependent total energy for bilayer β′-In2Se3 and α-In2Se3 films. f, Sketch map of in situ Raman testing on PET by a strain stage illustrating the transition from β′-In2Se3 to α-In2Se3. g, Serial photographs (bottom to top) of the straining device during the compression process. h, In situ Raman spectra of β′-In2Se3 films under different compression states (corresponding to g). i, Optical images of In2Se3 films on PET before phase change and after phase change. Scale bars, 10 μm.
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