Operando IR spectra (IMAGE) National Institutes of Natural Sciences Caption Operando IR spectra of electron species and correlations between the band intensity and formation rates of gaseous products. (a) Operando IR absorbance-change spectra of the Pt/Ga2O3 samples measured under steam methane reforming at PH2O = 2 kPa and different PCH4 values. Typical IR spectra of free electrons (purple), electrons in shallowly trapped (ST) states (red), and electrons in deeply trapped (DT) states (blue) are shown in the bottom panel. (b) Intensities of absorption bands corresponding to free electrons (Ifree), ST electrons (IST), and DT electrons (IDT) as a function of PCH4. PCH4 dependence of the H2 formation rate is shown on the right axis. (c) Operando IR absorbance-change spectra of the Pt/Ga2O3 samples measured under water splitting in the presence of small amount of methane gas (5 kPa). (d) Intensities of absorption bands corresponding to ST electrons (IST) as a function of PH2O. PH2O dependence of the formation rates of H2 and O2 derived from water splitting reaction is shown on the right axis. Credit Hiromasa Sato, Toshiki Sugimoto Usage Restrictions Credit must be given to the creator. License CC BY Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.