News Release

纳米管过滤水的能力要高于天然生物蛋白

Peer-Reviewed Publication

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Outperforming Nature's Water Filtration Ability with Nanotubes

image: A computer representation image showing a small diameter carbon nanotube porin embedded in a lipid membrane. This material relates to a paper that appeared in the Aug. 25,2017, issue of Science, published by AAAS. The paper, by R.H. Tunuguntla at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in Livermore, Calif., and colleagues was titled, "Enhanced water permeability and tunable ion selectivity in subnanometer carbon nanotube porins." view more 

Credit: Y. Zhang, A. Noy, 2017

据新的研究披露,只要大小合适,碳纳米管过滤水的功效会优于生物蛋白。这些结果为新型水过滤系统做好了准备,因为现在对淡水的需求已经对全球可持续发展构成了威胁。有一类被称作水孔蛋白的生物蛋白能有效地过滤水,但科学家还无法制造出能模拟这一能力的可缩放的过滤系统。水孔蛋白常常呈现出可过滤水分子的孔径为0.3纳米的狭窄通道,它能迫使水分子成为单行的分子链。在这里,Ramya H. Tunuguntla和同事用不同孔径的纳米管进行试验,目的是找到哪些大小的纳米管能更好地过滤水。有趣的是,他们发现,孔径为0.8纳米的碳纳米管的过滤水的效能要比水孔蛋白高6倍。这些狭窄的碳纳米管孔蛋白(nCNTPs)的狭窄程度仍然足以迫使水分子成为单行分子链。研究人员将水孔蛋白和nCNTPs之间的差异归因于氢键上的差异,即水孔蛋白孔隙内的残基可通过给流入的水分子授受氢离子而形成氢键,但CNTP的管腔内壁则无法形成氢键,因而能让水流不受阻碍。本研究中的nCNTPs所维持的通透性超越了典型盐水的通透性,该通透性只在盐浓度非常高的时候才会降低。最后,该团队发现,通过改变纳米管口的电荷,他们能改变离子的选择性。Zuzanna Siwy和Francesco Fornasiero在一则《视角》中重点介绍了这一进展。

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