News Release

免疫系统如何驱动更强病原体的演化

Peer-Reviewed Publication

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Catch 22: Immune Systems Protect Hosts, But Drive Bacterial Evolution

image: A male house finch with conjunctivitis perched on a bird feeder. This material relates to a paper that appeared in the 2 March 2018 issue of <i>Science</i>, published by AAAS. The paper, by A.E. Fleming-Davies at University of San Diego in San Diego, CA, and colleagues was titled, "Incomplete host immunity favors the evolution of virulence in an emergent pathogen." view more 

Credit: Marie Read

据在家雀中所做的新的研究揭示,对某种病原体仅产生部分免疫的免疫系统会驱动更强病原菌株的演化。免疫系统虽然意在保护宿主,但这些结果显示,它如何有时会在无意中帮助敌人在长时间中变得更为强大。在这里,Arietta E. Fleming-Davies和同事对120只家雀中的病原体——鸡毒支原体的原发性感染和复发性感染进行了研究。鸡毒支原体会感染眼睛,从而间接影响家雀的存活率,因为它能造成视力受损,削弱其逃避捕食动物的能力。在几年的时间中,其中包括恢复期,研究人员对家雀免疫系统如何对鸡毒支原体做出反应的能力进行了研究,这些支原体株与最初的支原体株有着同样的毒性或毒性更大。据作者报告,尽管所有先前接触过支原体的家雀所出现的症状要比从未接触过支原体的家雀的症状要少,但这一对之后感染的免疫力在感染毒性更强支原体的家雀中则是最强的。他们指出,通过在最初感染中产生更强的免疫力,高毒力病原体株有效地排除了低毒力病原体株在未来感染宿主。作者用建模显示,这一对低毒力病原体株的免疫力会最终引起高毒力病原体株变得更为普遍,其速度会是家雀如果完全没有免疫系统时所观察到的速度的近两倍。

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