News Release

扇器演化可驱使水黾类昆虫进入新环境

Peer-Reviewed Publication

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

The Evolution of a Fan Propelled Water Strider Insects into New Environments

image: The Evolution of a Fan Propelled Water Strider Insects into New Environments (1 of 8) Caption: santos1HR.jpg Rhagovelia individuals on water. This material relates to a paper that appeared in the 20 October 2017, issue of Science, published by AAAS. The paper, by M.E. Santos at Université de Lyon in Lyon, France, and colleagues was titled, "Taxon-restricted genes at the origin of a novel trait allowing access to a new environment." view more 

Credit: Abderrahman Khila

研究人员发现了两个基因,它们是一种能在水面行走的昆虫移动所需扇器演化的基础;研究人员说,该扇器是这种昆虫在快速流动的溪流环境中得以生存所必需的。他们的结果凸显,类群限制基因(它们是特定生物所独有的基因)在扇器(译者注:扇器在此处指的是位于水黾腿部的扇状排列刚毛)做出适应性改变中起着核心作用。能导致功能扩展的物种特异性性状变化(包括植物花朵、昆虫翼翅和禽鸟羽毛的演化)是物种多样化的关键触发器,它们被认为可帮助生物适应于不同的周围环境。人们怀疑,这类改变源于将现有基因做新的用途或出现了类群限制基因。大多数可以得到的证据支持前者,而表明是后者的清晰实例仍然稀少。重要的是,生物为可能占据新的环境而做出的相关适应性改变的记录更显空匮。为了加深了解,Maria Emília Santos和同事仔细检查了导致驱动扇器演化的基因机制和环境压力;该扇器是仅在裂宽蝽属水黾中足上发现的一种结构。科学家们将基因表达与功能和行为分析相结合,结果发现,有2种类群限制基因(他们将其命名为geisha 和 mother-of-geisha)控制着扇器的发育。Santos等报告,geisha源于处在裂宽蝽属世系底部的某基因复制事件,而两个复制基因都在某特定的预示扇器发育的细胞群中得到了表达。这些基因复制体在昆虫适应于意想不到的环境中起着核心作用,它进一步提示,类群限制基因的演化能让生物体进入未经探索的生态利基。

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