News Release

人类的安营扎寨令动物活动距离大大缩短

Peer-Reviewed Publication

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Where Humans Set Up Camp, Animals Roam Much Shorter Distances (1 of 1)

image: Images of animals moving in natural and human-modified landscapes. The lion, caribou and elephant are individuals that are included in the study and were tracked with GPS devices. This material relates to a paper that appeared in the Jan. 26, 2018 issue of Science, published by AAAS. The paper, by M.A. Tucker at Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung in Frankfurt (Main), Germany, and colleagues was titled, "Moving in the Anthropocene: Global reductions in terrestrial mammalian movements." view more 

Credit: George Wittemeyer

据新的研究报道,在人类活动程度高的地区,其它哺乳动物活动下降的程度可高达3倍。活动受限不仅对受冲击的个体动物有影响,而且,如果生态互动及营养物质分布也发生改变,它还会波及整个生态系统。地球上目前受人类活动而改变的陆地达50-70%。为了更好地了解这些改变带来的冲击,Marlee A. Tucker等分析了57个物种的803个个体动物的GPS追踪数据库,并将其活动与人类足迹指数(Human Footprint Index,HFI)进行比较。HFI捕捉了人类活动的多个指标,其中包括建筑环境、农作物土地、牧场、人口密度、夜间光照、铁路、公路及可通航水路。研究人员发现,平均而言,在人类足迹密度高的区域内,哺乳动物的活动距离约为6.6公里,而在人类足迹密度低下地区,该距离为21.5公里。值得注意的是,当对动物进行较长时间追踪时,其活动减少变得尤为明显,表明在更长的时间尺度中,人类正在改变动物的漫游行为和活动区域,而不是改变它们的移动速度。研究人员应用建模来探索个体动物是否会改变其相对于人类足迹的活动,或某些大范围活动的物种是否会仅仅因为人类足迹密集而不再有大范围的活动;结果表明,这两种因素都在起作用。作者报告,除了人类足迹的影响外、身体质量、饮食团伙及可获得的资源等也与活动距离的改变有关。

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