News Release

说班图语者的遗传史及他们与非洲裔美国人的关系

Peer-Reviewed Publication

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

The Genetic History of Bantu Speakers and their Relationship to African-Americans

image: As Bantu-speaking people migrated across Africa, they acquired advantageous genetic mutations through admixture. This material relates to a paper that appeared in the May 5, 2017, issue of Science, published by AAAS. The paper, by E. Patin at Institut Pasteur in Paris, France, and colleagues was titled, "Dispersals and genetic adaptation of Bantu-speaking populations in Africa and North America." view more 

Credit: Patin <i>et al., Science</i> (2017) / Etienne Patin / Institut Pasteur

研究人员用基因分析法对说班图语者在非洲播散开来的迁徙路线和混合方式进行了建模,这些都是倍受争议的话题。他们的结果揭示了说班图语者(BSPs,他们如今占了撒哈拉以南非洲的三分之一人口)如何获得了与抗疟和消化乳糖有关的变异基因。他们还阐释了现代非洲裔美国人中的基因多样性。BSP的基因演变历史中有很多方面仍不清楚,其中包括他们是如何从非洲中西部向整个非洲大陆播散的及他们是否在播散过程中获得了有利的基因。为了增进了解,Etienne Patin等对全非洲57个人群的2055位现代人的总共548,055个高品质单核苷酸多态性进行了分析。研究人员用建模软件发现,BSPs首先向南穿越雨林,然后再进一步向南及向东迁徙,后者一直存在争议。当他们在经过雨林向外播散时,BSPs与雨林中的土著狩猎采集者(RHGs)相遇,并在约800年前产生了人种混合。对数据进行分析使得作者发现了BSPs可能从其他非洲人群获取了适应性基因,其中包括特异性的与免疫相关的基因。最后,为了更好地了解BSPs对现今北美非洲裔美国人基因的影响,该团队对北美大陆不同地方的5,244位非洲裔美国人的非洲血统进行了估测。除其它发现外,作者报告说,在这些地方的非洲裔美国人保留了约16%的西部RHG血统,提示非洲裔美国人比先前认为的更具基因多样化。

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