News Release

毒素嵌合体能将治疗制剂带入神经元内以治疗动物的肉毒杆菌中毒

Peer-Reviewed Publication

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Toxin Chimeras Slip Therapeutics Into Neurons to Treat Botulism in Animals (1 of 1)

image: Schematic showing how the chimera molecule (BoNT/XA) delivers nanobodies to neurons to neutralize botulism neurotoxins. This material relates to a paper that appeared in the Jan. 6, 2021, issue of <i>Science Translational Medicine</i>, published by AAAS. The paper, by S.-I. Miyashita at Boston Children's Hospital in Boston, MA; and colleagues was titled, "Delivery of single-domain antibodies into neurons using a chimeric toxin-based platform is therapeutic in mouse models of botulism." view more 

Credit: [Credit: S.-I. Miyashita <i>et al., Science Translational Medicine</i> (2021)]

两组研究人员利用肉毒杆菌毒素的化学特性制造出了其无毒版的化合物,后者能输送治疗性抗体来治疗肉毒杆菌毒素中毒;这种中毒可能会致命且鲜有已批准的对其的治疗方法。这项在小鼠、豚鼠和非人类灵长类动物中进行的研究表明,该毒素的衍生物有一天或能为快速治疗肉毒杆菌毒素中毒的确诊病例并设靶难以企及的神经元内分子提供平台。肉毒杆菌中毒是由名为肉毒杆菌神经毒素(BoNTs)的细菌毒素引起的,该毒素是已知的对人体最强的毒素。BoNT是通过进入和破坏协调运动的神经元而起作用的,它会导致需要重症监护的瘫痪,其病程可能持续数月之久。迫切需要能够快速逆转肉毒杆菌感染所致瘫痪的疗法;但是开发针对现有病例的治疗方法一直很困难,因为这些毒素一旦进入神经元,用治疗制剂来中和BoNTs十分困难。在第一项研究中,Shin-Ichiro Miyashita和同事将2种名为BoNT/X和BoNT/A的BoNTs的不同部分融合在一起,其所产生的嵌合分子既无毒又可以作为药物输送平台。具体而言,研究人员将BoNT/A的神经元靶域与BoNT/X的另一域结合在一起,这便能将治疗分子输送到神经元内部。Miyashita等人发现,他们的方法可迅速将抗毒素抗体输送到神经元内,并能在小鼠体内中和BoNT/A与BoNT/B神经毒素,从而在数小时内逆转瘫痪状态。Patrick McNutt和同事用类似方法设计了一种无毒的BoNT衍生物,它能安全地中和神经元内的BoNT/A。他们的治疗还能减轻接触致死剂量BoNT/A的小鼠、豚鼠和非人类灵长类动物的麻痹并提高它们的存活率。McNutt等人说:“这一平台提供了一种变革性的精确治疗方法,它或能适用于多种的突触前疾病。”

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