Figure 1: Complete Retrograde Amnesia (IMAGE) Japan Science and Technology Agency Caption Mice were exposed to auditory (7 kHz) fear conditioning. They received injection of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or anisomycin or anisomycin+tat-beclin (Ani+tBC), after recalling the memory (test 1). PBS-treated mice showed higher freezing response while anisomycin-treated mice showed partial decrease in the freezing response (partial retrograde amnesia), whereas Ani+tBC induced complete retrograde amnesia (test 2). Optogenetic activation of the neurons, storing the 7kHz fear memory, induced freezing in the PBS and anisomycin groups, while the Ani+tBC group continued to show complete retrograde amnesia (test 3). Credit Kaoru Inokuchi, Kareem Abdou Usage Restrictions None License Licensed content Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.