Programmable 3D liquid patterning. (IMAGE)
Caption
a, Coding principle for programmable 3D liquid patterning: releasers above the double-rod connection are denoted as ‘0’, and capturers above the single-rod connection are denoted as ‘1’. b, The corresponding liquid patterns obtained based on the coding principle. Scale bar, 1 mm. c, Two-dimensional letter patterns of ‘U’, ‘W’ and ‘O’ created using preprogrammed CPFs. d,e, The hourglass-like (d) and other predesigned (e) 3D liquid patterns fabricated with preprogrammed CPF arrays. f, Basic principles of programmable 3D binary liquid patterning. g, Using 3D alternating CPFs to sequentially capture red-dyed gellan gum solution and blue-dyed water, the 3D binary liquid pattern with alternating red and blue pixels was prepared. h, Vitamins B2 and B12 were patterned in predesigned CPFs consisting of a truncated icosahedron frame and 34 cubic frames, where vitamin B12 is encapsulated in the truncated icosahedron frame and vitamin B2 is captured in the cubic frames. i, Demonstration of the release process of vitamins B2 and B12 in water. j, Corresponding release profiles of vitamins B2 and B12 (data are presented as mean ± s.d. of n = 3 replicates). In c–e and g–i, the scale bars are 3 mm.
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