New pterosaur species with hundreds of tiny hooked teeth discovered

An unusual new species of pterosaur has been identified, which had over 400 teeth that looked like the prongs of a nit comb.

The fossil was found in a German quarry and has been described by palaeontologists from England, Germany and Mexico.

Professor David Martill, lead author of the research, from the University of Portsmouth’s School of the Environment, Geography and Geosciences, said: “The nearly complete skeleton was found in a very finely layered limestone that preserves fossils beautifully.

“The jaws of this pterosaur are really long and lined with small fine, hooked teeth, with tiny spaces between them like a nit comb. The long jaw is curved upwards like an avocet and at the end it flares out like a spoonbill. There are no teeth at the end of its mouth, but there are teeth all the way along both jaws right to the back of its smile.

“And what’s even more remarkable is some of the teeth have a hook on the end, which we’ve never seen before in a pterosaur ever. These small hooks would have been used to catch the tiny shrimp the pterosaur likely fed on – making sure they went down its throat and weren’t squeezed between the teeth.”

The discovery was made accidentally while scientists were excavating a large block of limestone containing crocodile bones.

Professor Martill said: “This was a rather serendipitous find of a well-preserved skeleton with near perfect articulation, which suggests the carcass must have been at a very early stage of decay with all joints, including their ligaments, still viable. It must have been buried in sediment almost as soon as it had died.”

The pterosaur belongs to a family of pterosaurs called Ctenochasmatidae, which are known from the limestone in Bavaria, Germany, where this one was also found.

Since the first pterosaur was described from there in the 18^th century, hundreds of remains of these flying reptiles have been discovered, making the quarries of the Franconian Jura in Bavaria one of the richest pterosaur localities in the world.

“This pterosaur had teeth in the upper and lower jaw, which are a mirror image of each other. There is one other pterosaur with more teeth – Pterodaustro from Argentina – but it has stubby teeth in its upper jaw and even longer teeth in its lower jaw, so this new specimen is very different from other ctenochasmatids,” Professor Martill added.

The teeth of the new pterosaur suggest an extraordinary feeding mechanism while it waded through water. It would use its spoon-shaped beak to funnel the water and then its teeth to squeeze out excess liquid, leaving prey trapped in its mouth.

The animal likely dabbled as it waded through shallow lagoons, sucking in tiny water shrimps and copepods and then filtering them out through its teeth just like ducks and flamingos.

It has been named Balaenognathus maeuseri. The generic name roughly translated means whale mouth because of its filtering feeding style. The specific name is after one of the co-authors Matthias Mäuser who sadly passed away during the writing of the paper.

Professor Martill said: “Matthias was a friendly and warm-hearted colleague of a kind that can be scarcely found. In order to preserve his memory, we named the pterosaur in his honour.”

The paper A new pterodactyloid pterosaur with a unique filter-feeding apparatus from the Late Jurassic of Germany is published in Paläontologische Zeitschrift (PalZ). The specimen is currently on display in the Bamberg Natural History Museum.

Professor Martill worked with an international team of palaeontologists including Eberhard Frey, Helmut Tischlinger, Héctor E. Rivera-Sylva and Steven Vidovic.

ENDS 

Please contact: Sophie Wagstaff, Media Officer, University of Portsmouth, Tel: 07966 314727, email: sophie.wagstaff@port.ac.uk

Notes for editors:

IMAGES

Artwork by Megan Jacobs shows an artist’s impression of Balaenognathus maeuseri. Please credit: Megan Jacobs

All images below taken from journal paper. Please credit: PalZ

https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1WzK3G3gEYjPJqZ-GVHXhurQWo_cYbTpX?usp=share_link

Fig 1 shows where the specimen was found in Upper Jurassic laminated limestones at Wattendorf, Bavaria, Southern Germany

Fig 2 and 3 show the bones of Balaenognathus maeuseri found in the slab of limestone

Fig 5 is an interpretative drawing of Balaenognathus maeuseri

Fig 6 shows the skull
A under ordinary light
B UV image
C interpretative drawing

Fig 7 shows UV images of the teeth
A teeth close to the tip of the jaw
B close-up of the crown tips of the teeth of the left jaw showing the hook-like teeth
C the middle teeth

Fig 8 shows a photomontage of the entire dentition under normal light

Fig 9
A UV close-up of the tooth section at the narrowest point of the funnel
B tooth preservation shown in the interpretative drawing of an isolated tooth

Fig 10 shows a tentative line reconstruction of the skull