PET/CT artificial intelligence model ideal for predicting risk of future heart attack

Reston, VA—By combining information from two advanced imaging techniques with clinical data, physicians can improve their prediction of heart attacks, according to research published in the January issue of The Journal of Nuclear Medicine. When assessed together in an artificial intelligence model, coronary ¹⁸F-NaF uptake on PET and quantitative coronary plaque characteristics on CT angiography were found to be complementary, strong predictors of heart attack risk in patients with established coronary artery disease, providing risk prediction superior to that of clinical data alone.

In everyday clinical practice, predicting a heart attack is challenging. The predicted likelihood of a heart attack typically is based on cardiovascular risk factors and scores, especially in patients with suspected coronary artery disease. However, in patients with confirmed coronary artery disease, cardiovascular risk factors and scores don’t always show the full picture.

“Recently, advanced imaging techniques have demonstrated considerable promise in determining which coronary artery disease patients are most at risk for a heart attack. These techniques include ¹⁸F-sodium fluoride (¹⁸F-NaF) PET, which assesses disease activity in the coronary arteries, and CT angiography, which provides a quantitative plaque analysis,” said Piotr J. Slomka, PhD, FACC, FASNC, FCCPM, director of Innovation in Imaging at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, California. “Our goal in the study was to investigate whether the information provided by ¹⁸F-NaF PET and CT angiography is complementary and could improve prediction of heart attacks with the use of artificial intelligence techniques.”

Nearly 300 patients with established coronary atherosclerosis participated in the study. All patients underwent a baseline clinical assessment with evaluation of their cardiovascular risk factor profile. All patients received hybrid coronary ¹⁸F-NaF PET and contrast CT coronary angiography. Machine learning—a type of artificial intelligence—was used to calculate a joint score for heart attack risk by incorporating key variables from the clinical assessment, ¹⁸F-NaF PET findings and quantitative CT variables.

The machine learning model showed substantial improvement in prediction of heart attack over clinical data alone. This approach demonstrated that ¹⁸F-NaF PET and CT angiography are complementary and additive, with the combination of both providing the most robust outcome prediction.

“¹⁸F-NaF PET combined with anatomical imaging provided by CT angiography has the potential to enable precision medicine by guiding the use of advanced therapeutic interventions,” noted Slomka. “Our study supports the use of artificial intelligence methods for integrating multimodality imaging and clinical data for robust prediction of heart attacks.”

This study was made available online in April 2021.

The authors of “Machine Learning with ¹⁸F-Sodium Fluoride PET and Quantitative Plaque Analysis on CT Angiography for the Future Risk of Myocardial Infarction” include Jacek Kwiecinski, Division of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, and Department of Interventional Cardiology and Angiology, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland; Evangelos Tzolos, Department of Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, and BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Mohammed N. Meah, Alastair J. Moss, Michelle C. Williams, David E. Newby and Marc R. Dweck, BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Sebastien Cadet and Daniel S. Berman, Department of Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Philip D. Adamson, Christchurch Heart Institute, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand; Kajetan Grodecki and Damini Dey, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Nikhil V. Joshi, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, United Kingdom; Edwin J.R. van Beek, BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, and Edinburgh Imaging, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; and Piotr J. Slomka, Division of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.

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