image: Dr. Tanya Saraiya (left) and Dr. Sudie Back (right) of the Medical University of South Carolina. view more
Credit: Medical University of South Carolina, Sarah Pack
Virtually guided prolonged exposure therapy reduced post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms more effectively than prolonged exposure alone in a pilot study of 40 civilians and veterans. The study was conducted at the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) and in partnership with the Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center. Given that up to 8% of the U.S. population and 20% of veterans are affected by PTSD, this study’s findings are important in expanding the reach of therapy for PTSD.
The study’s findings were presented at the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies in November by Tanya Saraiya, Ph.D., a clinical psychologist and assistant professor at MUSC.
Saraiya served as one of the study therapists on the project and administered prolonged exposure therapy to participants.
Exposure therapy has long been known to be effective at reducing PTSD symptoms. A hallmark symptom of PTSD is avoidance. In exposure therapy, one aspect of the treatment focuses on teaching patients to approach stressful situations, activities or places “in real life” that are safe but avoided because they remind them of their traumatic experiences. For example, patients often visit stores or restaurants, where crowds or noises might trigger their stress response. For some patients, this can be too painful, leading them to drop out of therapy. Virtually guided exposures could provide these patients the support they need to complete treatment.
In the study, a therapist virtually accompanied patients receiving guided exposure therapy, using Bio Ware by Zeriscope. Bio Ware enables the therapist to see and hear what the patient sees and hears, thanks to a video camera and microphone; communicate with the patient through ear buds; and track the patient’s heart beat and skin conductance, which are signs of therapeutic engagement.
“The whole point of this research is to create a wearable technology that allows the clinician to pipeline virtually into those in vivo exposures and do it with the patient, while also using physiological data to guide them to have an optimal experience,” said Saraiya.
After 10 to 12 sessions of guided prolonged exposure therapy, most patients saw a clinically significant reduction of 10 to 20 points in their PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) score, pushing them below the threshold for PTSD diagnosis.
Virtually guided prolonged exposure therapy may help to improve outcomes by ensuring patients are exposed to the appropriate levels of distress. If challenged to too much stress too quickly, the patient may discontinue therapy or not benefit as much. If challenged to too little stress, the patient may not experience reductions in their PTSD symptoms. In the standard version of prolonged exposure therapy, therapists rely solely on patient self-report to learn about details of the exposure, such as how long patients engaged in the activity or the level of stress they felt. This can make it difficult to calibrate and optimize the degree of stress exposure. The virtually guided exposures directly overcome this shortcoming.
Virtually guided exposure therapy using Bio Ware helps clinicians “tailor exposures to better help patients,” according to Saraiya. They can advise a patient to turn up or turn down the level of engagement based on the Bio Ware readings. For example, therapists can advise patients to challenge themselves by going through the regular checkout lane at the grocery store rather than the self-checkout, which has fewer people and does not require interaction with others.
The study, led by Sudie Back, Ph.D., was funded by a Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) grant awarded to Zeriscope, a Charleston-based telehealth platform company, by the National Institute of Mental Health. Back and Zeriscope CEO Bill Harley are the co-principal investigators for the project.
The next step is to submit for an SBIR phase 2 grant to fund a larger clinical trial comparing the efficacy of guided versus non-guided exposure therapy and examine mechanisms of change in reductions of PTSD symptoms.
Saraiya, Back and the MUSC team are excited about how virtually guided exposure therapy using Bio Ware could help patients with PTSD and other anxiety disorders.
“Trauma therapy is hard enough on its own, and it's really courageous to work on yourself in any capacity in therapy, especially trauma,” said Saraiya. “We hope this device will make it easier for patients to be in trauma therapy and improve clinical outcomes.”
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About MUSC
Founded in 1824 in Charleston, the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) is the oldest medical school in the South as well as the state's only integrated, academic health sciences center with a unique charge to serve the state through education, research and patient care. Each year, MUSC educates and trains more than 3,000 students and nearly 800 residents in six colleges: Dental Medicine, Graduate Studies, Health Professions, Medicine, Nursing and Pharmacy. The state's leader in obtaining biomedical research funds, in fiscal year 2019, MUSC set a new high, bringing in more than $284 million. For information on academic programs, visit musc.edu.
As the clinical health system of the Medical University of South Carolina, MUSC Health is dedicated to delivering the highest quality patient care available while training generations of competent, compassionate health care providers to serve the people of South Carolina and beyond. Comprising some 1,600 beds, more than 100 outreach sites, the MUSC College of Medicine, the physicians' practice plan and nearly 275 telehealth locations, MUSC Health owns and operates eight hospitals situated in Charleston, Chester, Florence, Lancaster and Marion counties. In 2020, for the sixth consecutive year, U.S. News & World Report named MUSC Health the No. 1 hospital in South Carolina. To learn more about clinical patient services, visit muschealth.org.
MUSC and its affiliates have collective annual budgets of $3.2 billion. The more than 17,000 MUSC team members include world-class faculty, physicians, specialty providers and scientists who deliver groundbreaking education, research, technology and patient care.
About Zeriscope
Utilizing its patented tele-presence technology platform, Charleston-based Zeriscope delivers creative mobile solutions for diagnosing, treating and caring for patients. The data captured and analyzed by the Zeriscope platform could lead to early detection, improved outcomes, healthier aging in place, better compliance and reduced healthcare costs. Zeriscope’s design philosophy is centered on simple and easy-to-adopt solutions that leverage smart technology and common-sense healthcare delivery. To learn more, visit zeriscope.com.
Method of Research
Experimental study
Subject of Research
People
COI Statement
The study was funded by a Small Business Innovation Research grant, the principal investigators of which are Dr. Sudie Back of the Medical University of South Carolina and Bill Harley of Zeriscope, the company that makes the Bio Ware device.