Identifying activity origin of single-atom catalyst through atom-by-atom counting

Researchers led by Prof. LIU Wei from the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and their collaborators developed a methodology of electron-microscopy-based atom recognition statistic (EMARS) to directly identify the activity origin of Pt/Al₂O₃ industrial reforming catalyst through atom-by-atom counting of over 18,000 Pt atoms.

This study was published in Journal of the American Chemical Society on Sept. 8.

Atom dispersion in metal supported catalysts influences their catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability. Traditional spectroscopy methods can provide an averaged description about the atom dispersion, but they are not able to distinguish localized structure divergence.

The researchers re-defined the single-atom catalyst (SAC) dispersion through atom-by-atom counting with EMARS, and analyzed 18,000+ Pt atoms of Pt/Al₂O₃ catalyst at spatial range of 0.023 nm to 6 nm in aspects of precise statistics about the Pt-Pt distance and atom number contained in clusters.

They found that the activity for aromatics production was quantitatively correlated with the density of the supported Pt₁ single atoms, but not all Pt₁ sites, only those with Pt-Pt distances larger than 0.38 nm could efficiently facilitate aromatic producing. Pt clusters contributed no direct activity.

"The clusters in mono-layer dispersion could be re-dispersed via oxidation, serving as adaptive source to kinetically provide Pt₁ sites, whereas other crystalline clusters inversely behaved as nucleation sites for Pt atoms sintering," said Prof. LIU.

Building a model catalyst of high homogeneity to understand the activity origin is not only technically challenging but also time-consuming. This work offers the possibility to directly identify the catalysis roles of different metal species in a practical catalyst via atom-resolved statistics.

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The study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Innovative Research Funds of DICP, and CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research.