image: Comparison of the therapeutic effect between nucleolin aptamer-paclitaxel conjugate and other types. view more
Credit: HKBU
The toxic nature of chemotherapy poses a great challenge to clinical treatment of cancer. A team of scholars from the School of Chinese Medicine (SCM) of Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU) devoted their efforts to the development of a new generation of smart anti-cancer drug molecules. The tumour-specific aptamer-drug conjugate they developed performs well in the treatment of tumours and reduces possible toxic side-effects. The team has submitted a patent application to China for the molecules and the research findings were recently published in the internationally renowned academic journal Nature Communications.
The research team is led by Dean of SCM Professor Lyu Aiping together with Director of the Technology Development Division and Associate Director of the Teaching and Research Division of SCM Professor Zhang Ge. Other researchers include SCM's Research Assistant Professor Dr Li Fangfei, Post-doctoral Research Fellow Dr Lu Jun, Post-doctoral Research Fellow Dr Liu Jin, Post-doctoral Research Fellow Dr Liang Chao, and the research team of Dr Zhang Baoting of the School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.
Professor Lyu explained that since chemotherapy drugs could not distinguish cancer cells from normal cells, both are damaged during treatment. This not only limits the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy drugs but also creates certain side-effects on patients. To address this problem, the research team connected a tumor-targeting aptamer with a plant-derived cytotoxic drug to form a novel tumor-specific aptamer-drug conjugate.
Aptamers are single strand oligonucleotides that could form 3D structures and bind to specific cell types or proteins. They have been widely used for targeted drug delivery of small molecules and siRNAs due to their advantages, such as good water solubility, low immunogenicity, high permeability and stability.
To date, nucleolin aptamer has been proven safe and tumor specific. By conjugating nucleolin aptamer with a first-line chemotherapy drug paclitaxel into one molecule, the aptamer could improve both water solubility and tumor-targeting ability of the conjugated paclitaxel. By enhancing the delivery of drugs via body fluid to the different parts of the human body, the therapeutic effect is therefore strengthened.
Professor Zhang Ge said the research team developed a nucleolin aptamer-paclitaxel conjugate with good water solubility. An enzyme-sensitive linker was utilised to connect the aptamer and paclitaxel. The linker remained stable in the circulation, and broke inside tumor cells and released paclitaxel for action. The results showed that the conjugate exhibited excellent antitumor activity and decreased toxicity in the experiments using a mouse model.
The research paper entitled "A water-soluble nucleolin aptamer-paclitaxel conjugate for tumor-specific targeting in ovarian cancer" was recently published in the internationally renowned academic journal Nature Communications.
In addition to the paper publication, one of the research members recently won the First Prize for related research in the Fifteenth "Challenge Cup" National College Students' Extracurricular Academic Science and Technology Works Contest held in Shanghai University. Last year, a team of five HKBU undergraduate students also won the Gold Project Award for a study in the same field in the 2016 International Bio-molecular Design Competition held in San Francisco, USA.
Some of the experiments of this research project were conducted in the Shum Yiu Foon Shum Bik Chuen Memorial Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research of SCM.
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Journal
Nature Communications