Academics from City, University of London, believe that COVID-19 pandemic has amplified existing barriers to healthcare for ethnic minority and migrant women in England.
In their recent paper, COVID-19 Highlighting Inequalities in Access to Healthcare in England: A Case Study of Ethnic Minority and Migrant Women, Senior Law Lecturers, Dr Sabrina Germain and Dr Adrienne Yong analyse recent research demonstrating that this marginalised group of women are disproportionately affected by a healthcare system which overlooks the intersectional barriers generated by being a woman from a migrant or ethnic minority background.
The academics also draw attention to how the pandemic has amplified these barriers and expose the manner in which the pandemic has affected the allocation of healthcare resources in England, leading to the prioritisation of COVID-19 patients, thereby suspending the equal access to healthcare services approach.
Their paper goes on to explore poorer health outcomes for women in ethnic minority and migrant communities that the disruption in provision does not solely account for, by looking at underlying barriers to access that have been amplified by the pandemic. Dr Germain and Dr Yong reflect on racialised medical perceptions, gendered cultural norms - including information barriers and stigma - and specific legal barriers.
The authors reveal that though there are no specific policies or guidance on healthcare for vulnerable migrant women, a feminist critique of barriers to accessing healthcare, "demonstrates specific barriers for women aggravated by their race and cultural associations with race, or having migrant status and being subject to hostile immigration law. We argue that these existing barriers to accessing services have been reinforced, and in some situations deepened, by the pandemic."
Dr Germain and Dr Yong also highlight how racialised medical perceptions can impact the judgment of medical professionals, and that these biases are potentially heightened in critical situations where they have to act urgently and instinctively such as during a pandemic:
"There is evidence that medical training received by healthcare professionals perpetuates unconscious biases against marginalised groups, prejudicing future diagnoses of illnesses as well as courses of treatment . Ethnic minority and migrant women are more vulnerable to these perceptions because of prejudices and racist beliefs, such as having higher pain thresholds or a greater ability to cope with illness They are often also undermined when voicing their healthcare needs."
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Journal
Feminist Legal Studies