Washington, DC--An unborn child's gender can affect the mother's risk of developing gestational diabetes or Type 2 diabetes later in life, according to a new study published in the Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.
Gestational diabetes occurs when a pregnant woman has higher levels of glucose, or blood sugar, in the bloodstream than normal. Women who have been diagnosed with gestational diabetes face a greater risk of developing Type 2 diabetes in the future. As many as 9 percent of pregnant women develop gestational diabetes, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
The study found women who were having sons were more likely to develop gestational diabetes than women who were pregnant with daughters.
"It is thought that gestational diabetes occurs because of a combination of underlying metabolic abnormalities in the mother and temporary metabolic changes that take place during pregnancy," said one of the study's authors, Baiju R. Shah, MD, PhD, of the University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. "Our findings suggest a male fetus leads to greater pregnancy-associated metabolic changes than a female fetus does."
The population-based retrospective cohort study used insurance records from Ontario to analyze the rate of diabetes cases among nearly 643,000 women who delivered their first child between April 2000 and March 2010. Only singleton births were included in the analysis.
While the researchers found women who were having boys were more likely to develop gestational diabetes, women who did develop gestational diabetes while they were pregnant with daughters were at higher risk of being diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes after pregnancy. This suggests these women had more serious underlying metabolic abnormalities that made them more susceptible to gestational diabetes, even without the added impact of a developing male fetus, Shah said.
"Public health programs often focus on how a pregnant mother's health, behavior and physiology can impact the health of her baby," Shah said. "This study, however, suggests that the baby can help us better understand the health of the mother, and can help us predict her risks for future diseases."
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The co-author of the study is Ravi Retnakaran, MD, of Mount Sinai Hospital and the University of Toronto in Toronto, Canada.
The study, "Fetal Sex and the Natural History of Maternal Risk of Diabetes during and after Pregnancy," will be published online at http://press.endocrine.org/doi/10.1210/jc.2015-1763, ahead of print.
The Endocrine Society published recommendations for the detection and treatment of gestational diabetes in its Diabetes and Pregnancy Clinical Practice Guideline.
Founded in 1916, the Endocrine Society is the world's oldest, largest and most active organization devoted to research on hormones and the clinical practice of endocrinology. Today, the Endocrine Society's membership consists of over 18,000 scientists, physicians, educators, nurses and students in 122 countries. Society members represent all basic, applied and clinical interests in endocrinology. The Endocrine Society is based in Washington, DC. To learn more about the Society and the field of endocrinology, visit our site at http://www.endocrine.org. Follow us on Twitter at https://twitter.com/#!/EndoMedia.
Journal
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism