image: Anutosh Chakraborty is a biologist at the Florida campus of The Scripps Research Institute. view more
Credit: Photo courtesy of The Scripps Research Institute.
JUPITER, FL - October 12, 2016 - It is no secret that losing weight is difficult. Each year brings a new popular diet, "guaranteed" to succeed, yet the explosion of obesity in the United States continues.
Current anti-obesity medications are only partly effective, due to substantial side effects, the temporary nature of the weight loss and the non-responsiveness of a considerable number of patients.
In a recently published series of studies led by TSRI Assistant Professor Anutosh Chakraborty of the Florida campus of The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), scientists have identified a new therapeutic target--a key protein that promotes fat accumulation in animal models by slowing the breakdown and expenditure of fat and encouraging weight gain.
The studies were published in The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Molecular Metabolism and, most recently, The Journal of Clinical Investigation.
"We found that the protein IP6K1 is a viable target in obesity and type 2 diabetes," Chakraborty said. "We also discovered that an inhibitor of the protein known as TNP decelerates what is known as diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance."
In the last few years, enhancing energy expenditure has emerged as an attractive strategy to combat obesity and diabetes, although how this might be accomplished remains something of a mystery simply because the mechanisms by which the body maintains its energy balance is complex.
The new studies point to IP6k1 (inositol hexakisphosphate kinase-1), specifically its inhibition, as a potentially rich target. Chakraborty and his colleagues found that deleting IP6K1 in fat cells enhanced energy expenditure and protected animal models from diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance.
The expenditure of fat energy is preceded by a process called lipolysis that breaks down stored fat or triglycerides (specifically into free fatty acids and glycerol) to be used as energy in cells. The team discovered that deletion of IP6K1 affects interaction with another regulating protein and enhances the breakdown of fats.
To determine the therapeutic possibilities of the IP6K1 pathway, the team looked at the impact of an IP6K inhibitor known as TNP [N2-(m-Trifluorobenzyl), N6-(p-nitrobenzyl) purine] on diet-induced obesity in animal models. As it turns out, TNP significantly slows the initiation of diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance.
"In addition, the compound facilitates weight loss and improves metabolic parameters when used in animals that are already obese," said Chakraborty.
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The first author of The Journal of Clinical Investigation study, "Adipocyte-Specific IP6K1 Deletion Reduces Diet-Induced Obesity by Enhancing AMPK Mediated Thermogenesis," is Qingzhang Zhu of TSRI. Other authors include Sarbani Ghoshal, Ana Rodrigues, Su Gao, Alice Asterian and Theodore M Kamenecka all of TSRI at the time of the study and James C. Barrow of the Lieber Institute (Baltimore, Maryland).
The first author of The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology study, "Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase-1 Interacts with perilipin1 to Modulate Lipolysis," is Sarbani Ghoshal of TSRI at the time of the study. Other authors include Qingzhang Zhu of TSRI and Richa Tyagi of the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine.
The first author of the Molecular Metabolism study, "TNP [N2-(M-Trifluorobenzyl), N6-(P-Nitrobenzyl) Purine] Ameliorates Diet Induced Obesity and Insulin Resistance via Inhibition of the IP6K1 Pathway," is Sarbani Ghoshal of TSRI at the time of the study. Other authors include Qingzhang Zhu, Alice Asteian, Hua Lin, Haifei Xu, Baoji Xu, Michael D. Cameron and Theodore M. Kamenecka of TSRI; and Glen Ernst and James C. Barrow of the Lieber Institute (Baltimore, Maryland).
The work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (grant R01DK103746) and the State of Florida.
Journal
Journal of Clinical Investigation