image: This is University of Chicago postdoctoral scientist Philipp Heck with a sample of the Allende meteorite. The dark portions of the meteorite contain dust grains that formed before the birth of the solar system. The Allenda meteorite is of the same type as the Murchison meteorite, the subject of Heck's Astrophysical Journal study. view more
Credit: Dan Dry
The interstellar stuff that became incorporated into the planets and life on Earth has younger cosmic roots than theories predict, according to the University of Chicago postdoctoral scholar Philipp Heck and his international team of colleagues.
Heck and his colleagues examined 22 interstellar grains from the Murchison meteorite for their analysis. Dying sun-like stars flung the Murchison grains into space more than 4.5 billion years ago, before the birth of the solar system. Scientists know the grains formed outside the solar system because of their exotic composition.
"The concentration of neon, produced during cosmic-ray irradiation, allows us to determine the time a grain has spent in interstellar space," Heck said. His team determined that 17 of the grains spent somewhere between three million and 200 million years in interstellar space, far less than the theoretical estimates of approximately 500 million years. Only three grains met interstellar duration expectations (two grains yielded no reliable age).
"The knowledge of this lifetime is essential for an improved understanding of interstellar processes, and to better contain the timing of formation processes of the solar system," Heck said. A period of intense star formation that preceded the sun's birth may have produced large quantities of dust, thus accounting for the timing discrepancy, according to the research team.
Citation: "Interstellar Residence Times of Presolar Dust Grains from the Murchison Carbonaceous Meteorite," Astrophysical Journal, June 20, 2009, Vol. 698, Issue 12, pages 1155-1164
Authors: Philipp R. Heck, University of Chicago Department of Geophysical Sciences and Chicago Center for Cosmochemistry
Frank Gyngard, Laboratory for Space Sciences and Physics Department, Washington University, St. Louis
Ulrich Ott, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
Matthias M.M. Meier, Institute of Isotope Geology and Mineral Resources, Zurich, Switzerland
Janaína N. Ávila, Research School of Earth Sciences and Planetary Science Institute, Australian National University, Canberra
Sachiko Amari, Laboratory for Space Sciences and Physics Department, Washington University, St. Louis
Ernest K. Zinner, Laboratory for Space Sciences and Physics Department, Washington University, St. Louis
Roy S. Lewis, Enrico Fermi Institute and the Chicago Center for Cosmochemistry, University of Chicago
Heinrich Baur, Institute of Isotope Geology and Mineral Resources, Zurich, Switzerland
Rainer Wieler, Institute of Isotope Geology and Mineral Resources, Zurich, Switzerland
Funding sources: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Swiss National Science Foundation, the Australian National University, and the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development