Research findings from Aarhus University and the Central Denmark Region's Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Centre show that quality of life is poorer for preschool children with ADHD compared to children from the control population. But the children's quality of life can be significantly improved using treatment without medication.
Hyperactivity, difficulty concentrating, impulsive behaviour and problems adapting to the social ground rules. These are some of the areas in which children with ADHD struggle and which affect their everyday lives. For the first time, researchers have now systematically examined the quality of life of preschool children with ADHD.
The study shows that children with ADHD have a reduced quality of life, especially with regard to the psychosocial aspect of quality of life compared to children without a diagnosis, whereas there was not found any major difference in the physical aspect. The child's psychosocial quality of life has an effect on a wide range of behaviour and activities connected with social, psychological and emotional well-being.
Specialised parental training
However, the good news is that the children's well-being significantly increased after treatment.
"We examined whether treating ADHD symptoms with non-pharmalogical treatment had a positive effect on the quality of life and the factors that help improve the quality of life," explains medical student Liva Bundgaard Larsen, who, under the supervision of senior researchers, was the research year student behind the study .
As part of a larger treatment study (D'SNAPP) which included 164 children aged between three and seven with severe ADHD requiring treatment, the parents were asked to complete questionnaires about their child's overall quality of life before the treatment started, immediately after the treatment, and 36 weeks after the end of the treatment.
"Half of the participants received the usual treatment without medication, while the other half received specialised parental training targeted at the individual family. We looked at the effect of both types of treatment, and in both cases the children scored significantly higher on the psychosocial score in quality of life after completing the treatment," says Liva Bundgaard Larsen and emphasises that the improvement of the quality of life was shown to last 36 weeks after the treatment was completed.
Better social skills
The study also showed that parents gained more self-confidence and the family's level of stress was lower. This also had a positive effect on the child's quality of life.
"We can improve the quality of life of preschool children with ADHD through targeted efforts in relation to their parents. In the long term, this may have great significance for their prognosis," explains the researcher.
Improved quality of life may have an impact on the child's self-esteem and increase the likelihood of gaining better social skills. Later in life this increases the chances that the child complete an education and joining the labour market.
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The results are published in the scientific journal Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry.
Background for the results:
The study is designed as a randomised interventional study.
Partners: Psychologist Anne-Mette Lange, Visiting Professor Edmund Sonuga-Barke, Professor Charlotte Rask and Professor Per Hove Thomsen.
The study is financed by a research scholarship to Liva Bundgaard Larsen from the Lundbeck Foundation, while the main study D'SNAPP was financed by the TrygFonden and the Danish Health Foundation with co-financing from the Central Denmark Region and the Capital Region of Denmark.
The scientific article "Effect of Parent Training on Health-Related Quality of Life in Preschool Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Secondary Analysis of Data From a Randomized Controlled Trial" is an analysis of data from the major Danish study "Parent Training for Preschool ADHD in Routine, Specialist Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial" and can be read here.
Contact
Medical student Liva Bundgaard Larsen
Aarhus University and
Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Denmark Region
LIVLAR@rm.dk
Supervisors:
Professor Per Hove
Aarhus University, Department of Clinical Medicine - Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
per.hove.thomsen@clin.au.dk
Mobile: (+45) 2117 2976
Professor Charlotte Rask
Aarhus University, Department of Clinical Medicine - Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
charlotte.rask@clin.au.dk
Mobile: (+45) 2162 2492
Journal
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry