image: A Common Swift is in the sky. view more
Credit: Photo: N. Camilleri
The common swift flies ten months on end without landing. The hypothesis on these birds' life in the air was presented by British researcher Ron Lockley back in 1970, but it is only now that researchers at Lund University in Sweden have managed to prove the extreme lifestyle of the species. No other bird species remains in the air for as long without landing.
Using a new type of microdata log, the researchers at the Faculty of Science in Lund have managed to prove that the common swift only lands for two months of the year, during the breeding season. The rest of the time, ten months, they spend in the air, migrating and hibernating south of the Sahara.
"This discovery significantly pushes the boundaries for what we know about animal physiology. A ten-month flight phase is the longest we know of any bird species - it's a record", says Professor Anders Hedenström at the Department of Biology in Lund.
The researchers followed 13 individual birds, some of them for two years in a row. Through a microdata log, attached to each bird, the researchers were able to determine whether the birds were in the air or not, their acceleration, and where they had been at any given time. The results show that some of the birds landed during short periods at night, sometimes during an entire night. But even these birds spent more than 99.5 per cent of their ten-month migration and hibernation period in the air. Data from other birds show that they did not land a single time in ten months.
The birds which had never landed had all moulted and gained new flight feathers (wing and tail), while the majority of those who, on some occasion, landed had not moulted their wing feathers.
"Whether they moult or not could indicate small differences in their general condition or burden of parasites, and explain the flight behaviour of individual birds within the species", says Anders Hedenström.
The new knowledge about common swifts has already generated new questions such as how they handle the high energy consumption during the ten months in the air, and how they fly and sleep at the same time?
"They might do as the frigate bird and sleep while gliding. Every day, at dusk and dawn, the common swift rises up to an altitude of about two-three kilometres. Perhaps they sleep during a declining glide, but we're not sure", he says.
The method used was developed within the project Centre for Animal Movement Research (CAnMove). The results are published in an article in the scientific journal Current Biology.
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Further information
Anders Hedenström, Professor of Theoretical Ecology
Lund University, Department of Biology
+46-46-222 41 42
+46-70-543 19 36
anders.hedenstrom@biol.lu.se
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Journal
Current Biology