April 13, 2016, Barcelona, Spain: A combined vaccination against Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV moved a step closer, with the results of a study* presented at The International Liver Congress™ 2016 in Barcelona, Spain today.
An estimated 2.3 million people globally are co-infected with HIV and HCV.1 HCV is the leading cause of non-AIDS deaths in co-infected individuals.2
The research showed that the 'prime boost' approach is compatible with co-administration of vectors encoding for HIV and HCV antigens (molecules capable of inducing an immune response). In this approach, the immune system is first primed through exposure to non-replicative serologically distinct adenoviral vectors that contain fragments of HCV and HIV viruses. Following this, booster vaccinations are given with the same combination of HCV and HIV fragments, each inserted into an MVA vector, a vaccination virus strain commonly used in clinical trials.
"While we have drugs to treat both HIV and HCV, these are out of reach for many and do not prevent reinfection," said Professor Lucy Dorrell of the University of Oxford, who is the principal investigator of the study. Her study fellow, Professor Ellie Barnes who is leading the development of HCV vaccines at the University of Oxford continues, "knowing that it may be possible to vaccinate a single individual against both diseases opens up huge possibilities for rolling back epidemics of disease and co-infection."
The Phase 1 study enrolled 32 healthy volunteers in three groups. Group one received only HCV investigational vaccines at weeks 0 and 8. The second group received only HIV investigational vaccines following the same dosing schedule. The final group received both HCV and HIV investigational vaccines that were co-administered.
Vaccine priming against HCV and HIV induced immune response in the body, measured by the number of HIV and HCV specific T-cells found in a sample of blood (peak mean of 608.5 and 785 spot forming units per million peripheral blood mononuclear cells [SFU/106PBMC] respectively). These immune responses were increased following boost vaccination (peak mean 4260 SFU/106PBMC for HCV and 3760 SFU/106PBMC for HIV).
Co-administration of HCV and HIV components of the boost did not impair the magnitude or breadth of either HCV or HIV specific T-cell responses compared to each alone. All vaccines were given as an intramuscular injection and both were well tolerated.
"Finding effective vaccinations against the world's biggest killers is a huge and pressing problem," said Professor Laurent Castera, EASL Secretary General. "This study shows for the first time that it is possible to generate simultaneous immune response against diseases HCV and HIV, raising the possibility of a combined vaccination."
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* The study entitled "Prevention of HCV and HIV-1 infections through the induction of potent T-cell responses using prime-boost viral vector vaccine regimens" was performed by European PEACHI consortium led by the University of Oxford and funded by the European Commission Research Framework FP7 under the Grant Agreement n° 305632.
About The International Liver Congress™
This annual congress is the biggest event in the EASL calendar, attracting scientific and medical experts from around the world to learn about the latest in liver research. Attending specialists present, share, debate and conclude on the latest science and research in hepatology, working to enhance the treatment and management of liver disease in clinical practice. This year, the congress is expected to attract approximately 10,000 delegates from all corners of the globe. The International Liver Congress™ takes place from April 13 - 17, 2016, at the Fira Barcelona Gran Via, Barcelona, Spain.
About EASL
Since EASL's foundation in 1966, this not-for-profit organisation has grown to over 4,000 members from all over the world, including many of the leading hepatologists in Europe and beyond. EASL is the leading liver association in Europe, having evolved into a major European Association with international influence, with an impressive track record in promoting research in liver disease, supporting wider education and promoting changes in European liver policy.
Contact
For more information, please contact the ILC Press Office at:
- Email: ILCpressoffice@ruderfinn.co.uk
- Telephone: +44 (0)7841 009 252
Onsite location reference
Poster session, Hall 8.0
Thursday 14 April, 08:00
Felicity Hartnell, United Kingdom
Abstract: LBP507, Co-Administration of Chimpanzee Adenoviral Vectors of Different Serotypes, for the Prevention of HCV and HIV Co-Infection.
Author disclosures of interest
None
References
1 Science Daily. More than two million people co-infected with HIV, hepatitis C. Available from: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/03/160308105618.htm. Last accessed: March 2016.
2 Nature Reviews. HCV and HIV co-infection: mechanisms and management. Available from: http://www.nature.com/nrgastro/journal/v11/n6/full/nrgastro.2014.17.html. Last accessed: March 2016.