News Release

气孔特别有效的秘诀

Peer-Reviewed Publication

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

The Recipe for Especially Efficient Stomata

video: 3-D rendering of a confocal stack of a wild-type stomata consisting of two dumbbell-shaped guard cells flanked by two subsidiary cells. 3-D models are depth color coded. Scale bar, 10 μm. This material relates to a paper that appeared in the 17 March 2017, issue of Science, published by AAAS. The paper, by M.T. Raissig at Stanford University in Stanford, CA, and colleagues was titled, "Mobile MUTE specifies subsidiary cells to build physiologically improved grass stomata." view more 

Credit: Michael Raissig and Dominique Bergmann

科学家们确认了禾草类植物气孔(stomata)具有优异功能的关键基础元素;气孔指的是进行气体交换的孔隙,禾草类植物气孔的功能要比其它类型植物的气孔的功能更具功效。这些结果揭示了一种机制,它可能促成了禾草类家族在数百万年前成功地实现了多元化。在光合作用期间,植物会最大程度地摄取碳(来自二氧化碳),并同时通过调整其气孔而将失去的水分降至最低。禾草类是提供人类食物、纤维和生物燃料的主要植物品系,它们已经演化出了一种独特的气孔结构,它能令气孔的功能变得特别好。在这项研究中,通过研究二穗短柄草,Michael Raissig 等人用基因筛检法确认了造成禾草类气孔独特形态的元素;二穗短柄草是与诸如麦子等主要谷类作物相关的禾草类物种。他们发现了一种被称作MUTE的转录因子或蛋白。在二穗短柄草中发现的MUTE版本要比开花植物拟南芥中的相关MUTE更大;二穗短柄草中的MUTE还具移动性,它会移至与它被转录的细胞所相邻的细胞。据科研人员报道,经过基因改造的、MUTE缺乏移动能力的二穗短柄草不会显现出特征性的气孔,而且其生长不良。这些结果或能被植物育种者和农业生物技人员用来增进主要禾草类植物、甚或是其它农作物中的光合作用能力及用水功效。

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