News Release

毒蛙对抗自身毒素的“悖论”得到解释

Peer-Reviewed Publication

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

The 'Paradox' of Poisonous Frog Resistance against Their Own Toxins Explained

image: The little devil poison frog [Dendrobates (Oophaga) sylvaticus] is found in humid subtropical forests across southwestern Colombia and northwestern Ecuador. This species is heavily trafficked for the pet trade and its home range is rapidly degrading because of logging and development in the region. Photographed in Santo Domingo Province, Ecuador in September 2014. This material relates to a paper that appeared in the Sept. 22, 2017, issue of Science, published by AAAS. The paper, by R.D. Tarvin at University of Texas at Austin in Austin, Texas, and colleagues was titled, "Interacting amino acid replacements allow poison frogs to evolve epibatidine resistance." view more 

Credit: Rebecca Tarvin

得益于一项新的研究,研究人员如今对有毒蛙类对其自身毒素演化出的抵抗力有了新的了解。他们称,这些发现具有重要的意义,因为它可能引起制药业的兴趣。新热带界毒蛙会产生一种名叫地棘蛙素的神经毒素,后者会附着于被称作乙酰胆碱受体的细胞膜蛋白,从而保护这些蛙不受伤害及遭捕食,但这一防御机制也要求生物本身对地棘蛙素产生适应性耐受能力(以避免自己中毒的风险)。作为直接的后果,这些蛙对乙酰胆碱(这是神经细胞相互联系所需的关键神经地质)的敏感性有所下降,但这是以乙酰胆碱受体的功能受损作为代价的。为了寻求对这一悖论的解释,Rebecca Tarvin和同事对这些蛙的乙酰胆碱受体的电特性进行了仔细分析。科学家们将蛙的乙酰胆碱受体在人的细胞中进行表达,在乙酰胆碱受体内的单一氨基酸置换发生了3次独立的演变,这促成了这些蛙对地棘蛙素和乙酰胆碱敏感性的降低。有趣的是,该受体的功能可通过额外的氨基酸取代(它们在有毒蛙世系中互不相同)而最终得到挽救,这能让其抵抗自己产生的毒素,并同时仍然能维持其靶向神经递质的正常操作。Tarvin等人指出,适应性改变和蛋白演化一般来说必须与许多演化压力相平衡,而某些适应性改变会付出代价,至少在开始的时候是这样。作者进一步指出,像地棘蛙素这样的激动剂是特别有效的毒素,因为对这类化合物的抵抗性相对较为复杂。

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