image: Researchers made each participant stand on a balance board, attached fasteners to their body and legs and then generated vibration signals on their PC which they amplified and applied to the vibrators to induce stimulation. view more
Credit: Image courtesy: Yoshifumi Morita from Nagoya Institute of Technology
Ever since the early humans learned to walk upright, they have suffered, as an unfortunate consequence of their erect posture, from low back pain. Modern understanding on this matter dictates that low back pain, in particular, is caused due to a postural instability resulting from poor "proprioception", which is a term for the perception of part of our body's own position in space. In fact, our trunk and lower legs are key to maintaining postural stability due to the presence of "proprioceptors"--sensory receptors responding to position and movement--in those areas.
Elderly people suffering from low back pain tend to have poorly performing proprioceptors, which is thought to affect their "proprioceptive control strategy"--a postural control strategy in response to vibratory stimulations as proprioceptive input. Interestingly, studies have suggested that a local vibratory stimulation can, in fact, improve proprioceptive function. In previous studies by other researchers, however, its effect on postural control is still unclear. Moreover, the studies make no distinction between poor and healthy proprioceptors and do not take into account the fact that each proprioceptor has a natural vibration response frequency.
To address these issues, a team of researchers from Japan recently conducted a study in which they explored the effect of local vibratory stimulations on the proprioceptive control strategy when applied to a poor proprioceptor. Prof. Yoshifumi Morita from Nagoya Institute of Technology, Japan, who was part of the study, published in Electronics, lays down the research question: "For elderly people with low back pain, can proprioceptive function be improved? Will it cure the low back pain?"
Researchers carried out their study over a period of 3 months in which they recruited six elderly individuals, all of whom were patients with low back pain. Researchers made each participant stand on a balance board to assess their standing balance and attached fasteners with vibrators to their legs as well as both sides of their trunk. They then generated vibration signals using a PC and amplified and output them from the vibrators as mechanical vibratory stimulations. Furthermore, they allowed the frequency of stimulation to vary with time, from an initial 20 Hz (cycles/second) up to 300 Hz, to gauge the postural response as a function of the applied frequency. Finally, they compared the proprioceptive control strategy in each patient before and after applying the stimulations to an impaired proprioceptor.
Three patients showed an improvement in their proprioceptive control strategy after their impaired muscle spindles (proprioceptor detecting stretch in muscles) responded to higher frequency, an observation that suggested that low back pain could be alleviated in patients by activating impaired proprioceptors with vibratory stimulations. Furthermore, the treatment device and protocol could be used for multiple frequency ranges, allowing for the diagnosis as well as activation of a poor proprioceptor.
Given the results, the researchers look forward to conducting a clinical trial for a larger group of patients. "The clinical trial is scheduled to start in April this year and will be conducted for the next three years. We plan to verify whether the improved proprioceptive sensation can be maintained for a long time, thus relieving elderly people of low back pain," comments an excited Prof. Morita.
The team hopes that the trial's findings will soon lead to the commercialization of their device, which will allow elderly patients with low back pain to finally breathe a huge sigh of relief!
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About Nagoya Institute of Technology, Japan
Nagoya Institute of Technology (NITech) is a respected engineering institute located in Nagoya, Japan. Established in 1949, the university aims to create a better society by providing global education and conducting cutting-edge research in various fields of science and technology. To this end, NITech provides a nurturing environment for students, teachers, and academicians to help them convert scientific skills into practical applications. Having recently established new departments and the "Creative Engineering Program," a 6-year integrated undergraduate and graduate course, NITech strives to continually grow as a university. With a mission to "conduct education and research with pride and sincerity, in order to contribute to society," NITech actively undertakes a wide range of research from basic to applied science.
Website: https://www.nitech.ac.jp/eng/index.html
About Professor Yoshifumi Morita from Nagoya Institute of Technology, Japan
Dr. Yoshifumi Morita is a Professor at the Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering at Nagoya Institute of Technology (NITech), Japan, where he received his masters and doctorate in Engineering. His expertise lies in control engineering, intelligent mechanics, and rehabilitation science. As an experienced researcher, he has 132 publications to his credit and has co-authored 3 books. More details about his research can be found here: http://researcher.nitech.ac.jp/html/279_en.html
Journal
Electronics