WINSTON-SALEM, N.C. - Feb. 11, 2016 - Scientists at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center have found that a daily dose of beetroot juice significantly improved exercise endurance and blood pressure in elderly patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF).
The study is published in the current online edition of the Journal of the American College of Cardiology-Heart Failure.
Exercise intolerance - shortness of breath and fatigue with normal amounts of exertion -- is the primary symptom of HFPEF and is due partly to non-cardiac factors that reduce oxygen delivery to active skeletal muscles. HFPEF is a recently recognized disease that reflects how the left ventricle of the heart pumps with each beat. It occurs primarily in older women and is the dominant form of heart failure, as well as the most rapidly increasing cardiovascular disorder in this country.
Emerging evidence suggests that dietary inorganic nitrate supplementation has beneficial effects on blood pressure control, vascular health, exercise capacity and oxygen metabolism.
The Wake Forest Baptist researchers enrolled 19 people in a double-blinded, randomized safety study to determine which was better at improving exercise intolerance, a single dose or a daily dose of the juice given over multiple days. The beetroot juice used is produced by a company in the United Kingdom and is not commercially available in this country.
First, aerobic endurance and blood pressure were measured after the participants received either a single dose of beetroot juice or a placebo.
The researchers then administered a daily dose of beetroot juice to all 19 patients for an average of seven days, and measured endurance and blood pressure again. The juice dose in the study was equivalent to 2.4 ounces containing approximately 6 millimoles of inorganic nitrate.
The team found that the daily dosing of beetroot juice improved aerobic endurance by 24 percent after one week, as compared to the single dose which produced no improvement. Aerobic endurance was measured as cycling time to exhaustion at a fixed workload lower than their maximum.
Another finding was that consumption of the juice significantly reduced resting systolic blood pressure in both the single and daily dose groups by 5 to 10 mmHg.
No adverse events were associated with either intervention.
"Although larger trials need to be conducted, these initial findings suggest that one week of daily beetroot juice could be a potential therapeutic option to improve aerobic endurance in patients with HFPEF, which has implications for improving everyday activities and quality of life," said Dalane Kitzman, M.D., professor of internal medicine at Wake Forest Baptist and senior author of the study.
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This work was partially supported by NIH grants R01AG18915, R01AG045551, P30AG021332, HL058091, The Kermit Glenn Phillips II Chair in Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, and the Moritz Chair in Geriatrics in the College of Nursing and Health Innovation at the University of Texas at Arlington. It was also partially supported by the Translational Science Center of the Reynolda Campus of Wake Forest University.
Co-authors of the study are: Joel Eggebeen, M.S., and Timothy M. Morgan, Ph.D., of Wake Forest Baptist; Mark Haykowsky, Ph.D., of University of Texas at Arlington; Daniel B. Kim-Shapiro, Ph.D., Swati Basu, Ph.D., Peter Brukaker, Ph.D., and Jack Rejeski, Ph.D., of Wake Forest University
Conflict of interest: Kim-Shapiro holds a patent related to the use of nitrite in cardiovascular conditions and has a financial interest in Beverage Operations LLC, a Florida-based producer of a beetroot juice beverage.