News Release

人类在1万年前是如何首次改变小麦基因的

Peer-Reviewed Publication

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

How Humans Transformed Wild Wheat into its Modern Counterpart (1 of 1)

image: Wild emmer wheat growing in Israel. This material relates to a paper that appeared in the July 7, 2017 issue of Science, published by AAAS. The paper, by R. Avni at Tel Aviv University in Tel Aviv, Israel, and colleagues was titled, 'Wild emmer genome architecture and diversity elucidate wheat evolution and domestication.' view more 

Credit: Zvi Peleg

据新的研究揭示,大约在1万年前,当新月沃地(Fertile Crescent)的农业社会对小麦进行栽培后,小麦就开始出现基因改变。这些发现可帮助科学家们更好地了解用于制作面包的现代小麦的性状。对野生小麦的栽种引起了其性状的改变,这些性状大多涉及种子休眠、麦穗形态及麦粒发育。例如,野生小麦的麦穗在成熟时会碎裂,但所有栽培的小麦麦穗在成熟时仍然是完整的,这能让收获变得较为容易。在这里,Raz Avni和同事用3-D基因序列数据和软件来重建野生四倍体小麦——圆锥小麦的14个染色体。该研究团队接着对栽培小麦与对应野生小麦中的导致麦穗破裂的基因进行了比较,旨在了解小麦演化转型为不会碎裂状态的基因变化基础。他们在栽培小麦中发现了已经失去功能的两组基因。当他们对小麦株进行基因改造,令其中的一组基因恢复功能时,该株小麦会出现独特的麦穗:其上面部分是脆性的,而下面部分则不会脆裂。这些结果表明,这两个基因簇在改变野生小麦脆裂特性中起着部分作用。

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