image: Structure characterization on silver iodides filled in MWCNTs. HRTEM images of silver iodides inside MWCNTs viewed along different directions with corresponding structural models (insets: red - iodine, blue - silver). (a-c) HRTEM images with corresponding structural models (inset: red - iodine, blue - silver) along <1 0 0>, <1 1 1>, and <1 1 0> respectively. (d, e) The cross section and longitudinal section of structural model after molecular dynamics simulation. (f) Calculated radial distribution function and average number of neighbors of Ag-I (black line), Ag-Ag (red line) and I-I (blue line) within a sphere of radius r for Ag-I pairs (purple line).
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Credit: Science China Press
材料的相图中一般存在多种不同的亚稳态结构,有些结构只有在高温或者高压条件下才能存在,而有些结构甚至在现有的相图中还不存在;这就使这些结构的实验检测变得相当复杂。针对这个问题,西安交通大学的张锦英团队引入碳纳米管作为反应容器和生长模板,利用碳纳米管内腔的尺寸效应以及特殊物理化学环境合成相图中的高温高压相或者还不存在的介稳态新结构,同时将该结构稳定到了室温室压条件。该碳纳米管特殊纳米空间在反应过程中能够提供材料反应的高压条件,而该压强则与管壁以及管壁与材料的相互匹配有关。同时该管壁将合成产物与周围环境隔离开来,并对合成产物产生一定的压力作用,加上尺寸效应,使合成的介稳态结构能够稳定到室温室压条件。
作者在两种不同直径的碳纳米管中成功合成了两种不同的介稳态碘化银结构,包括盐岩相碘化银和螺旋状碘化银结构。盐岩相碘化银结构在相图中处于400 MPa-11.3 GPa之间,而螺旋状碘化银结构在相图中还不存在。通常情况下,在室温室压下碘化银表现为β和γ相结构,随着温度的升高,碘化银会转变为α相结构;当压强继续增加,碘化银会相继转变为四方、盐岩和类氢氧化钾结构。而利用碳纳米管的特殊纳米内腔,这两种结构都能够在室温室压条件下稳定存在。这一技术手段为极端结构或者特殊性能介稳态结构的合成与应用提供了新的思路。
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论文相关信息:
Hongyang Huang, Jinying Zhang, Yifan Zhang, Chengcheng Fu, Jialiang Huang, Yonghong Cheng, Chunming Niu, Xinluo Zhao and Hisanori Shinohara
Rock-salt and helix structures of silver iodides under ambient conditions
Natl Sci Rev (April 2019) doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwz041
https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwz041
Journal
National Science Review
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