News Release

即使最小的气溶胶颗粒都能启动风暴

Peer-Reviewed Publication

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Even the Tiniest Aerosol Particles Can Kick Up a Storm (1 of 1)

image: The Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) mobile facility site - T3. This material relates to a paper that appeared in the Jan. 26, 2018 issue of Science, published by AAAS. The paper, by J. Fan at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in Richland, Wash., and colleagues was titled, "Substantial convection and precipitation enhancements by ultrafine aerosol particles." view more 

Credit: Luiz Machado

新的研究表明,源自污染羽流的微小气溶胶颗粒对世界上原始地区(如海洋和大型森林)风暴天气产生的影响比过去认为的要更大。作者说,由于这些区域的水循环对全球天气模式有重大影响,因此在这些区域所看到的人造气溶胶作用可能还会触发全球各地的气候转变。在亚马逊热带地区的深对流云(DCC)系统(即引起雷暴的云)是降雨、大气热能和太阳辐射吸收变化的主要来源。DCCs的形成始于液滴的形成,即大气中的湿气会围绕空气中的颗粒(如人造气溶胶)而凝结。然而,气溶胶与气候模式间的关系仍然不确定,而超微气溶胶颗粒(直径小于50纳米)被认为过小而不足以影响DCCs的形成。Jiwen Fan和同事现在用观测和基于模拟的数据来分析城市污染对亚马逊雨林的影响,他们显示,围绕超微气溶胶颗粒的凝结会增加云的形成,加热周围空气并最终强化DCC系统。作者发现,在这些颗粒侵入DCC系统之前,亚马逊雨林自然的气溶胶浓度低下的环境发生凝结的程度低下,而且水饱和度高。当超微气溶胶进入亚马逊流域时,过饱和的大气会凝结于这些颗粒,导致雨水生成、温暖雨水和过冷云水增加。作者提出,在其它大气潮湿度大的热带地区也可能看到类似的气溶胶作用,从而强调了他们的结果具有全球的重要性。

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