Northernmost record of toxic pufferfish in Mediterranean raises alarm

Researchers have documented the northernmost record of the highly invasive silver-cheeked toadfish, Lagocephalus sceleratus, in the Mediterranean, raising concerns about its impact on marine biodiversity, fisheries, and coastal tourism. 

In a study published in the open-access journal Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria, a team of researchers from the Faculty of Natural Sciences at Juraj Dobrila University of Pula and the Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries in Split detail the May 13, 2024 discovery. 

Captured in the Bay of Medulin in the northern Adriatic at a depth of 19.7 m, the 522 mm male weighing 1330 g is the fourth confirmed record of the species in the Adriatic and the first from its northernmost waters.  

The pufferfish poses a threat to local marine life, fisheries, and public safety. Recent evidence from the southern and eastern Mediterranean shows that bites from its powerful beak-like jaws can result in severe injuries such as partial amputations of fingers. Its flesh and organs contain a potent neurotoxin, tetrodotoxin, which is potentially lethal  if consumed.  

In Mediterranean coastal regions, Lagocephalus sceleratus has become an increasingly significant portion of small-scale fishing catches, often causing damage to fishing gear with its bite. The study’s stomach analysis revealed a diet consisting of bivalves, gastropods, and sea urchins, suggesting potential disruptions to the Adriatic’s ecological balance. 

The species is a Lessepsian migrant, meaning it migrated through the artificially created Suez Canal. Originating from the Indo-Pacific, it has spread aggressively through the Mediterranean since its first sighting in 2003. 

“The presence of Lagocephalus sceleratus in the northern Adriatic is a clear warning sign of the species’ expanding range and potential ecological and economic consequences. Proactive monitoring and management strategies are important to mitigating its impact on local marine biodiversity, fisheries, and public safety.” said Dr. Neven Iveša, the study’s  co-author. 

Increased monitoring, regulatory measures, and public awareness campaigns are recommended to address the threats posed by the species. The research team proposes targeted removal efforts, public education on handling and reporting sightings, and further research into its ecological impact. Finally, they urge local fishers to report sightings of Lagocephalus sceleratus to support early detection and management efforts. 

Original source

Iveša N, Buršić M, Dulčić J (2025) Northernmost Mediterranean record of the silver-cheeked toadfish, Lagocephalus sceleratus (Actinopterygii, Tetraodontiformes, Tetraodontidae). Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 55: 77-81. https://doi.org/10.3897/aiep.55.146945