Potential treatment for chronic kidney disease in dogs revealed

A new study led by Dr. Hilla Chen from the Koret School of Veterinary Medicine at Hebrew University, recently published in Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, offers new hope for the management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in dogs. The research highlights the potential benefits of paricalcitol, a second-generation vitamin D analog, in addressing renal secondary hyperparathyroidism (RHPT) and proteinuria—two critical complications of CKD.

CKD is a progressive condition in which a dog’s kidneys gradually lose their ability to function properly. While it primarily affects older dogs, younger dogs can also develop the disease. One of the major complications of CKD is RHPT, a disorder that occurs when the kidneys fail to regulate essential minerals such as calcium and phosphorus, leading to elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. This imbalance can cause damage to bones and other organs.

The study investigated whether paricalcitol could effectively attenuate RHPT and mitigate other harmful effects associated with CKD.

The randomized, controlled cross-over clinical trial involved 13 client-owned dogs diagnosed with CKD (stages 2-4) according to the International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) guidelines. Over two 12-week study periods, dogs were administered either paricalcitol or a placebo, with a two-week washout phase in between. Throughout the study, researchers closely monitored kidney function, hormone levels, and calcium, phosphate concentrations.

Key Findings:
Reduction in Parathyroid Hormone (PTH): A 12-week regimen of paricalcitol led to a significant decrease in PTH concentrations, marking an improvement in mineral balance management for dogs with CKD.
Stabilization of Proteinuria: While proteinuria worsened in dogs receiving a placebo, it remained stable in those treated with paricalcitol, suggesting potential renoprotective effects.
Mild Side Effects: Mild hypercalcemia was observed in approximately half of the treated dogs. However, dose adjustments successfully mitigated this effect, allowing continued treatment without study withdrawal.
Unexpected Increase in FGF-23: A notable rise in fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) levels was detected, raising questions about the long-term impact of paricalcitol and the need for further investigation.

These findings suggest that paricalcitol could play a pivotal role in managing CKD by reducing RHPT and potentially slowing disease progression. However, given the associated risk, of hypercalcemia, veterinarians should carefully monitor calcium  and adjust dosages accordingly.

"Our findings open the door for new therapeutic approaches in canine CKD management. While paricalcitol shows promise in reducing PTH levels and stabilizing proteinuria, it requires careful monitoring to avoid adverse effects like hypercalcemia," said Dr. Chen.

While this study provides encouraging data, further long-term research is necessary to evaluate the long-term effects of paricalcitol on CKD progression, survival rates, and potential risks associated with increased FGF-23 levels.