Relationship between sleep and nutrition with app data: A large-scale study

Tsukuba, Japan—Diet and sleep, which are essential for human survival, are interrelated. However, recently, various services and mobile applications have been introduced for the self-management of health, allowing users to record and gather data on their eating and sleeping habits.

In response to these trends, this study examined the relationship between nutrients and sleep using data from people who simultaneously used the dietary management application "ASKEN" (Asken, Inc.) and the sleep game application "Pokémon Sleep" (Pokémon, Inc.). The analysis utilized 14 nutrients quantified from daily diet records in ASKEN and the total sleep time, sleep latency, and wakefulness after sleep onset obtained from the three-axis accelerometer data built into smartphones in Pokémon Sleep. Data from 4,825 users, who gave their consent, were analyzed considering the interdependence of the major nutrients. The results showed that (1) the higher the total energy, the shorter the total sleep time and the longer the wakefulness after sleep onset, (2) participants with high protein intake had longer total sleep time, (3) participants with high intake of monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids and (4) those with high intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids have shorter sleep latency and wakefulness after sleep onset, whereas those with high intake of monounsaturated fatty acids have longer sleep latency and wakefulness after sleep onset, (5) participants with high dietary fiber intake have longer total sleep time and shorter sleep latency and wakefulness after sleep onset, and (6) participants with high sodium intake (high sodium-to-potassium ratio) had shorter total sleep time and longer sleep latency and wakefulness after sleep onset.

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This work was supported by the World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) to M.Y.; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) JP21zf0127005 to M.I. and M.Y.; and the COI STREAM initiative launched in 2013 by MEXT, as well as the COI-NEXT initiative launched in 2020 by MEXT JPMJPF2017 to J.S.

_{Original Paper}

Title of original paper:
Relationship Among Macronutrients, Dietary Components, and Objective Sleep Variables Measured by Smartphone Applications: A Real-World Cross-Sectional Study

Journal:
Journal of Medical Internet Research

DOI:
10.2196/64749

_{Correspondence}

Professor YANAGISAWA, Masashi
International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba

_{Related Link}

International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS)

About the World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI)
The WPI program was launched in 2007 by Japan's Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) to foster globally visible research centers boasting the highest standards and outstanding research environments. Numbering more than a dozen and operating at institutions throughout the country, these centers are given a high degree of autonomy, allowing them to engage in innovative modes of management and research. The program is administered by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS).

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About International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (IIIS), University of Tsukuba
World-class institute for sleep medicine, aiming to solve the mechanism of sleep/wakefulness by conducting basic to translational research
The mission of IIIS is to be a multidisciplinary, international hub for the research to elucidate the function of sleep and the fundamental mechanisms of sleep/wake regulation, to elucidate molecular pathogenesis of sleep disorders and related diseases, to develop preventive measures, diagnostic methods, and treatments for sleep.