Progressive topology-curvature optimization of flow channel for PEMFC and performance assessment

In the pursuit of carbon neutrality, the world is undergoing a third energy revolution driven by renewable energy sources and supported by various types of batteries. Hydrogen energy, as a zero-carbon energy carrier, is an ideal medium for addressing global climate change and achieving the decarbonization of the energy system. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are a promising green energy power generation technology due to their high efficiency and low emissions. However, the performance of PEMFCs is limited by factors such as kinetic characteristics, power density, and cost. This study aims to optimize the flow channel design of PEMFCs to enhance their performance.

Youliang Cheng et al. propose a "2D Topology-Curvature Optimization" progressive design method to optimize the bend area structures of serpentine flow channels in PEMFCs. The method combines topology optimization with curvature optimization to improve the mass transfer and overall performance of the fuel cell. The researchers used numerical simulations to compare the topology-curvature optimization model with algorithm-based optimization models and a validation model. The study analyzed the mass transfer, heat transfer characteristics, and output performance of PEMFCs under different flow fields.

The results indicate that the optimized structures significantly improve convection and diffusion within the flow field, enhancing the transport and distribution of oxygen and water within the PEMFC. The performance improvements, ranked from highest to lowest, are TS-III > MD-G (Model-GA) > MD-P (Model-PSO) > TS-II > TS-I. Among the optimized models, TS-III (Topology Structure-III) exhibits the greatest increases in peak current density and peak power density, with improvements of 4.72% and 3.12%, respectively. When considering the relationship between performance improvement and pressure drop using the efficiency evaluation criterion (EEC), TS-II demonstrates the best overall performance.

This study provides a valuable method for optimizing the design of PEMFCs, which can lead to significant improvements in their performance. The "2D Topology-Curvature Optimization" method offers a quick and accurate way to generate optimized structural models, reducing time and trial-and-error costs in the design process. The findings of this research can help advance the adoption of hydrogen fuel cells in various applications, contributing to the global effort towards carbon neutrality.