Creating nanoislands for better platinum catalysts

Noble metals such as platinum can make useful catalysts to accelerate chemical reactions, particularly hydrogenation (adding hydrogen atoms to a molecule). The research team led by Professor Bruce Gates at the UC Davis Department of Chemical Engineering is interested in making platinum catalysts that are highly efficient and stable during chemical reactions. 

Previous work has shown that platinum arranged in clusters of a few atoms on a surface makes a better hydrogenation catalyst than either single platinum atoms, or larger nanoparticles of platinum. Unfortunately, such small clusters tend to clump easily into larger particles, losing efficiency. 

Yizhen Chen, then a postdoctoral scholar in the Gates Catalysis Research Group, picked up on an idea by Jingyue Liu, now at Arizona State University, to “trap” platinum clusters on a tiny island of cerium oxide supported on a silica surface. Each island becomes its own chemical reactor. 

Chen, Gates and colleagues were able to show that they could produce these clusters, that they showed good catalytic activity in hydrogenation of ethylene, and that they were stable under severe reaction conditions. 

These confined metal clusters could provide a new route to produce stable catalysts for the chemical industry. 

The work is described in a paper published Jan. 17 in Nature Chemical Engineering and in an accompanying research brief. It was supported in part by grants from the U.S. Department of Energy, U.S. National Science Foundation and the National Natural Science Foundation of China.