New insights into the immunomodulatory properties of russula polysaccharides

This study investigates the structural characteristics and immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharides extracted from Russula vinosa Lindblad using KOH. The findings highlight the potential of these polysaccharides for applications in pharmaceuticals and functional foods.
Russula vinosa Lindblad, a nutrient-rich wild edible fungus, is abundant in carbohydrates and bioactive compounds. These compounds, including polysaccharides, exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties, making them valuable for promoting overall health and preventing chronic diseases. In this study, two polysaccharides, Russula polysaccharides extracted from 1% KOH (RP-1) and 5% KOH (RP-5), were extracted from Russula fruit bodies using KOH-graded extraction technology. The molecular weights of RP-1 and RP-5 were 187,000 and 97,300 u, respectively, with glycosyl compositions of galactose:glucose:xylose:mannose (Gal:Glu:Xyl:Man) being 0.27:1.00:0.01:0.16 for RP-1 and 0.12:1.00:0.03:0.19 for RP-5.
The structural analysis revealed that the main structural component of RP-1 was →3,6)-β-D-Glup-(1→, with a →6)-β-D-Glup-(1→ residue linked at sites 1 and 6, and a →3)-β-D-Glup-(1→ residue linked at site 3. RP-5 shared this structure with an additional →4)-β-D-Manp-(1→ residue attached to the →3)-β-D-Glup-(1→. The study also demonstrated that RP-5, with a lower molecular weight, lower galactose content, and higher xylose and mannose content, enhanced RAW 264.7 cell phagocytic activity by 121.04%, outperforming RP-1, which showed a 42.15% increase at the same concentration of 600 μg/mL. Both RP-1 and RP-5 reduced the release of inflammatory factors and induced the nuclear translocation of the nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway in RAW 264.7 cells.
The findings suggest that the structural differences between RP-1 and RP-5 influence their immunomodulatory activities. The lower molecular weight and higher mannose content of RP-5 contribute to its enhanced phagocytic activity, while RP-1's higher molecular weight and galactose content may be more effective in regulating inflammation and immunity through the NF-κB pathway. These results highlight the potential of Russula polysaccharides for use in pharmaceuticals and functional foods, offering a foundation for further research and development.In conclusion, this research offers detailed insights into the structural differences of hemicellulose and LCCs in various bamboo tissues, highlighting their potential for targeted optimization in biorefining and the development of novel bio-based materials.
 

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DOI

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobab.2025.01.005

Original Source URL

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2369969825000143

Journal

Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts