Home and neighborhood environments impact sedentary behavior in teens globally

The World Health Organization recommends no more than two to three hours per day of sedentary time for youth. However, adolescents worldwide are spending an average of 8 to 10 hours per day engaging in sedentary activities such as watching television, using electronic devices, playing video games and riding in motorized vehicles, according to a multinational study published in the Nov. 29, 2024 issue of the International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity.

The most notable finding of the study, led by principal investigator James F. Sallis, Ph.D., distinguished professor at the Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science at University of California San Diego, and colleagues from 14 countries, found that simply having a personal social media account was linked with higher total sedentary time in both males and females. Social media was also related to more self-reported screen time.

“Although there is great concern about negative effects of social media on youth mental health, this study documents a pathway for social media to harm physical health as well,” said Sallis, who is also a professorial fellow at the Australian Catholic University.

“These findings are concerning, as excessive sedentary behavior has been linked to a range of health problems, including obesity, diabetes and mental health issues."

Researchers analyzed accelerometer data from 3,982 adolescents aged 11 to 19 and survey measures of sedentary behavior from 6,302 participants in the International Physical Activity and the Environment Network (IPEN) Adolescent Study, which covered 15 geographically and culturally diverse countries across six continents.

The number of electronic devices within a home, how many adolescents had their own social media accounts and neighborhood walkability were significantly different across countries.

For example, adolescents from India had an average of 1.2 electronic devices in the bedroom and 0.5 personal electronic devices, while the average number of such devices in Denmark was 4.2 and 2.3, respectively. In India and Bangladesh, fewer than 30% of adolescents reported having their own social media account, compared to higher socio-economic status countries where it was over 90%.

Parents reporting on walkability identified Australia as having high access to parks, while Nigerian parents reported no access, and parents in Bangladesh and India reported poor access. Traffic was a concern among parents in Brazil, Malaysia, Bangladesh, India, and Israel, and concerns about crime were high in the first three countries.

Adolescents who reported less recreational screen time lived in walkable neighborhoods and had better perceptions of safety from traffic and crime than others. Girls who lived in neighborhoods designed to support physical activity were less likely to be sedentary.

Despite differences in culture, built environments and extent of sedentary time, patterns of association were generally similar across countries, said the study’s lead author Ranjit Mohan Anjana, M.D., Ph.D., of Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialties Centre and Madras Diabetes Research Foundation in India.

“Together, parents, policymakers and technology companies can work together to reduce access to screens, limit social media engagement and promote more physical activity, thus helping adolescents develop healthier habits and reduce their risk of chronic diseases," said Anjana.

The study's findings have significant implications for public health policy and highlight the need for further research into the causes and consequences of sedentary behavior among teenagers.

Countries involved in study: Australia, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, China, Czechia, Denmark, India, Israel, Malaysia, Nigeria, Portugal, Spain and United States.

Link to the full study: doi.org/10.1186/s12966-024-01678-4

Co-authors include: Terry L Conway and Kelli L Cain at UC San Diego; Harish Ranjani, Rajendra Guha Pradeepa and Viswanathan Mohan at Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialties Centre and Madras Diabetes Research Foundation; Ester Cerin, Muhammad Akram and Anthony Barnett at Australian Catholic University; Jo Salmon at Deakin University; Cindy HP Sit at Chinese University of Hong Kong; Delfien Van Dyck at Ghent University; Adriano Akira Hino at Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná; Andreia Pizarro at University of Porto; Adewale L Oyeyemi at Arizona State University; Wan Abdul Manan Wan Muda at Alma Ata University; Mika R Moran at University of Haifa; Jens Troelsen at University of Southern Denmark; Josef Mitáš at Palacký University Olomouc; M. Zakiul Islam at Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology; Ana Queralt at University of Valencia; Erica Hinckson at Auckland University of Technology.

This research was funded, in part, by the National Institutes of Health (R01 HL111378, R01 HL083454). For all international funding please see full study.

Disclosures: James F. Sallis receives honoraria and royalties from Gopher Sport Inc for SPARK physical activity programs.