Intrinsic magnetic structure observed for the first time in a kagome lattice

Recently, using the highly sensitive magnetic force microscopy (MFM) system of the Steady High Magnetic Field Facility (SHMFF), along with electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and micromagnetic simulations, a research group led by Prof. LU Qingyou at the Hefei Institutes of Physical Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, in collaboration with Prof. XIONG Yimin from Anhui University, achieved the first observation of intrinsic magnetic structures in a kagome lattice. 

The findings were published in Advanced Science.

The behavior of materials is largely determined by the interaction between their internal electrons and the lattice structure. Kagome lattices, characterized by features such as Dirac points and flat bands, exhibit remarkable phenomena like topological magnetism and unconventional superconductivity. They hold promise for understanding high-temperature superconductivity and have potential applications in quantum computing. However, the intrinsic spin patterns governed by these lattices remain an open question.

In their study, the research team discovered a new lattice-modulated magnetic array in the binary kagome Fe₃Sn₂ single crystal. This array formed a unique broken hexagonal structure due to the competition between hexagonal lattice symmetry and uniaxial magnetic anisotropy. Hall transport measurements further confirmed the presence of topologically broken spin configurations within the material.

Variable-temperature experiments revealed that the magnetic reconstruction in Fe₃Sn₂ single crystals occured through a second-order or weak first-order phase transition, revising earlier assumptions of a first-order transition. This discovery redefined the low-temperature magnetic ground state as an in-plane ferromagnetic state, contradicting previous reports of a spin-glass state. Based on these results, the team developed a new magnetic phase diagram for Fe₃Sn₂.

Additionally, quantitative MFM data showed that significant out-of-plane magnetic components persist at low temperatures. Using the Kane-Mele model, the team explained the opening of the Dirac gap at low temperatures, dismissing prior hypotheses about the presence of skyrmions under these conditions.

This breakthrough provides new insights for exploring topological magnetic structures and developing future technologies in quantum computing and high-temperature superconductivity, according to the team. 

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