A survey of real-time rendering on Web3D application

With the growth of web technologies, including HTML5 and WebAssembly, in the mobile Internet era, theconcept of “Web+” is gradually taking root in all industries and exerting a profound impact on people's lives.Be it travel, shopping, learning, or entertainment, several the activities in our daily lives can now be performedthrough a web browser. Meanwhile, human perceptions have gradually extended from the real world to thevirtual world of the internet. This has, in turn, created an even higher expectation for Web technologies, that is,Web technologies should not only realize the various application needs of users but also fulfill their demandfor perceptual experience at the same time. However, most current web applications still use text, sound,image, video, and 2D animation as their main communication media. These traditional forms have limitationswhich make them unable meet growing needs for a multi-sensory experience of high interactivity and immersionin the virtual world. With this background, 3D visualization technology has started to integrate intothe web and has become a new major trend.With the rapid development of Internet and 3D visualization technologies, sustained progress has been madein web-based 3D visualization technology. Today, web-based 3D visualization technology known as“Web3D” has enabled the display of 3D virtual scenes on mainstream web browsers, setting off new possibilitiesfor next-generation web services based on visualization. According to Zhao Qingping of the ChineseAcademy of Engineering, Web3D exerts a transformative and disruptive impact on existing browsers andemail systems and even becomes a new gateway to the Internet. In recent years, a number of Web3Dapplications have emerged in various industries, with typical examples including Web3D online tourism,Web3D online architecture, Web3D online educational environments, Web3D online medical care, andWeb3D online shopping.In all these applications, real-time rendering technology plays a key role: it not only affects the renderingeffect and quality but also determines the quality of user experience and future development of these applications.Therefore, it is necessary to examine the relationship between real-time rendering and Web3Dapplications and take a closer look at the real-time rendering technologies, tools, and frameworks used inWeb3D applications.