Embargoed press release: Blood hormone levels key to identifying which post-menopausal women will benefit most from taking anastrozole to prevent breast cancer 

Research led by Queen Mary University of London’s Wolfson Institute of Population Health has found that hormone levels, measured through blood tests, are an important indicator of whether women will benefit from recently licensed medication for the prevention of breast cancer.   

Aromatase inhibitors such as anastrozole are recommended by the National Institute of Clinical Care and Excellence (NICE) as an option for preventive therapy in post-menopausal women at high risk of breast cancer. Anastrozole (Arimidex) is now also licensed by the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) for breast cancer prevention. The study, published today (6 December) in Lancet Oncology, could lead to better ways to identify those post-menopausal women who would most benefit from these drugs.  

1 in 7 women in the UK will develop breast cancer, with almost 56,000 cases diagnosed every year. Post-menopausal women who have higher concentrations of the hormone oestrogen in their blood stream are at higher risk of developing breast cancer. Aromatase inhibitors stop the production of oestrogen and reduce the amount made in the body. They are currently the most effective preventive agent for oestrogen-receptor positive breast cancer, but their utility could be increased by identifying those who stand to benefit most by taking these drugs.   

Led by Professor Jack Cuzick at Queen Mary University of London, an international team of authors from the UK, Australia, Finland, Germany, Italy, and the USA tested whether measuring oestrogen in the blood could identify which women at increased risk of breast cancer will benefit most from the preventive effects of an aromatase inhibitor. They analysed data from the IBIS-II prevention trial, an international randomised controlled trial of anastrozole in high-risk post-menopausal women conducted from 2003 to 2012. 

In their analysis of a case-control study of 212 women (72 cases, 140 controls) there was a clear trend of increasing risk with increasing hormone levels in the placebo group, but not in the anastrozole group. A 55% reduction of risk of developing cancer was seen in three quarters of the women receiving anastrozole, but a much lower reduction was seen in those in the bottom 25% of oestradiol levels. 

These data suggest that inexpensive blood tests to measure hormones could be used to identify women who will benefit most from preventive therapy with an aromatase inhibitor. This personalisation would allow for women to receive the medication that would offer them the best balance of managing cancer risk and side effects.  

Professor Jack Cuzick said: “These results are very exciting, and can refine how we choose preventive medication for post-menopausal women at high risk of breast cancer. In our study the 25% of these women with the lowest oestradiol measurements benefitted little from taking anastrozole, while still suffering from the side effects of the drug. A simple blood hormone test could improve the benefit of anastrozole if we use it to select the patients best suited to take it. We now need to routinely assess hormone levels in post-menopausal women at high breast cancer risk before prescribing anastrozole, to identify those who are at greatest risk and will respond well.”  

Dr David Crosby, head of prevention and early detection at Cancer Research UK, said: “It was really exciting when anastrozole was approved by NICE as a preventive treatment for some woman at high risk of breast cancer. This research now gives us some clues about which women would benefit most from the drug, while identifying women who won’t benefit and can be spared unnecessary side effects. Cancer Research UK carried out some of the key work on developing these drugs, known as ‘aromatase inhibitors’. It's an area with a lot of potential, and larger trials building on the results in this study will be key to further understanding who is most likely to benefit.” 

Professor Cuzick is a world-leading researcher in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer, and is the author of more than 500 peer-reviewed papers. Amongst other important breakthroughs, his research led to the use of tamoxifen as a prophylactic treatment for women at risk of breast cancer, and he led the IBIS-II trial to examine the efficacy of the aromatase inhibitor, anastrozole, in the prevention of this disease. He is being presented with the William L. McGuire Memorial Lecture Award at the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium (SABCS). 

 ENDS  

NOTES TO EDITORS  

Contact:  

Sophia Prout  

Faculty Communications Manager – Medicine and Dentistry  

Queen Mary University of London  

Email: s.prout@qmul.ac.uk  

Tel: +44 (0) 7718136512  

Paper details:  

Prof Jack Cuzick PhD (Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London), Kim Chu MSc (Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London), Prof Brian Keevil PhD (University South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust), Adam R Brentnall PhD (Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London), Prof Anthony Howell MD (Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester), Nicholas Zdenkowski PhD (Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle), Prof Bernardo Bonanni MD (Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy), Prof Sibylle Loibl PhD (German Breast Group, Goethe University of Frankfurt), Prof Kaija Holli MD (Tampere University), Prof D. Gareth Evans MD (Centre for Genomic  Medicine University of Manchester), Prof Steve Cummings MD (San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco), Prof Mitch Dowsett PhD (Institute of Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital). 

“Impact of baseline oestradiol and testosterone serum levels on the effectiveness of anastrozole in preventing breast cancer in high risk postmenopausal women - a case control study”  

Lancet Oncology: Embargoed until 14.30 UK (08:30 CST) WEDNESDAY 6 DECEMBER 2023  

DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(23)00578-8

Available after publication at:  https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc/article/PIIS1470-2045(23)00578-8/fulltext  

Funding information  

IBIS-II was funded by Cancer Research UK, and the National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia. Biobank and hormone assays in this study were funded by the Breast Cancer Research Foundation, and hormone assays funded by The Royal Marsden Cancer Charity.  

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