Myth of room temperature superconductivity in Lk-99 is shattered

In a study published in Matter, researchers led by Prof. LUO Jianlin from the Institute of Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) have observed that Pb_10-xCu_x(PO₄)₆O (0.9<x<1.1), known as LK-99, originates from the first-order structural transition of the impurity phase of cuprous sulfide (Cu₂S), providing solid evidence that LK99 is non-superconducting and thus disproving such superconductivity claims. 

Sukbae Lee and colleagues from South Korea earlier asserted that LK-99 behaves as a superconductor at ambient pressure, with a critical temperature (T_c) up to 127°C (400 K). The groundbreaking news excited scientists as well as people on social media due to its potential impact on technology.  

As reported by Nature News, claims about the supposed superconductivity of LK-99 became a viral sensation, prompting numerous replication efforts by scientists and amateurs alike. Several groups have attempted to replicate the results, but none have provided direct evidence of superconductivity. The most puzzling question is what causes the sharp drop in resistivity and why it occurs only in a few samples. 

In this study, the researchers observed that the LK-99 generated by Lee et al. contained a certain amount of Cu₂S impurity, which undergoes a structural phase transition from a hexagonal structure at high temperature to a monoclinic structure at low temperature around 400 K. They found that the resistivity of Cu₂S decreased by three to four orders of magnitude around 385 K, close to the transition temperature reported in references.  

In addition, they measured the resistivity of the mixture of LK-99 and Cu₂S, identifying a sharp resistivity transition at the temperature consistent with the reported findings but without zero resistance. 

It is important to note that this first-order structural transition differs significantly from the second-order superconducting transition. The researchers observed thermal hysteresis behavior in the resistivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements, confirming that it is a first-order transition and cannot be a second-order superconducting transition.  

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, and CAS.