Fig. 1. Concentration–response (C–R) curve of the association between ozone exposure and all-cause mortality. (IMAGE)
Caption
The C–R curve for O3 and all-cause mortality was fitted using a natural cubic spline. A nonlinear association between long-term O3 exposure and mortality risk (P for nonlinearity < 0.001) was observed at 60.7–142.4 μg m−3. Intuitively, we observed a J-shaped relationship, revealing a relatively flat curve as O3 levels fell below approximately 110 μg m−3, while the slope (i.e., increase in mortality risk) was steeper at higher concentrations.
Credit
Environmental Science and Ecotechnology
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