Rejection rates of the bombardier beetle Pheropsophus occipitalis jessoensis and the assassin bug Sirthenea flavipes by the pond frog Pelophylax nigromaculatus. (IMAGE)

Kobe University

Rejection rates of the bombardier beetle Pheropsophus occipitalis jessoensis and the assassin bug Sirthenea flavipes by the pond frog Pelophylax nigromaculatus.

Caption

Frogs that had not encountered the bombardier beetle or assassin bug were used in this study. Ignore: frogs did not attack beetles (or bugs). Stop attack: frogs stopped their attacks immediately after their tongues had contacted beetles (or bugs). Spit out: frogs spat out beetles (or bugs) immediately after taking the indicated insects into their mouths.

Credit

Shinji Sugiura

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License

CC BY

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