Tropical cyclones resolved by different resolution Earth system models (IMAGE)
Caption
a and b) Distributions of TC counts (panel a) and mean maximum wind speed (MMWS) (panel b) in different categories produced by the 5v3 (red) model in Jan.-Oct. as the model are initialized from the 25v10 state on Jan. 1, 0646-year, compared with the results of 25v10 model in the same period. cd) Distributions of 850 hPa relative humidity (shaded) and wind speed (contours) in the 25v10 model (panel c) at 00UTC of Sep. 3 and 5v3 model at 06UTC of Aug. 31 as the C3 category TC (marked by the green segment in each panel) in both models reaches its maximum wind speed. e and f) The atmosphere and ocean conditions on the air-sea interface in the vertical section of the TC marked by the thick green segment in panels c (for 25v10) and d (for 5v3). The dashed red vertical line represents the center of TC; the atmosphere (ocean) relative humidity (%) (temperature: oC) is color shaded, while the atmosphere (ocean) temperature (unit: oC) (salinity: psu) is contoured, and the vector arrows always represent the atmospheric (u,w×102) (unit: m/s) (ocean currents: 0.04 m/s). The white-bold line represents the mixing layer depth.
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