molecular graphics (IMAGE) DOE/Brookhaven National Laboratory Caption The Brookhaven team used pulse radiolysis to make a molecule with an oxygen free radical (O•). The electron-withdrawing pull of the O• causes the positive proton, H+, to come off the opposite OH group. To measure the strength of that pull, the scientists gradually increased the concentration of H+s in the solution (making it more acidic), until an H+ bound to the molecule again causing a color change they could detect using spectroscopy. The high acidity at which this happened indicated a very strong electron-withdrawing pull. Credit Brookhaven National Laboratory Usage Restrictions OK for use with stories about this research. License Original content Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.