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Schematic of the intelligent impedance system, consisting of a parallel impedance cytometry and a machine learning-based detection system. In the case of single bacteria detection, untreated bacteria cells were measured in one channel as the reference, and antibiotic-treated cells were measured in another channel as the target particles. The lab-made lock-in amplifier measured the impedance of single cells in both channels, and sent all signals to the computer, where an intelligent system analyzed the signals in real time. The intelligent system was able to show the impedance waveforms, extract impedance magnitudes and phases, recognize susceptible cells in real time and display the result directly.
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Yaxiaer Yalikun
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