Fig. 2 (IMAGE) Medical University of South Carolina Caption Preflight and post flight WM-PVS volumes (A) were significantly higher in NASA astronauts who developed SANS than those unaffected. A significant PVS (A and B) and LV (D) enlargement and VSA reduction (C) were observed in both groups (post hoc comparisons, mixed model ANOVA). The spaceflight associated PVS dilation (E and F) and VSA reduction (G) were not significantly different between the groups, but a significantly greater LV enlargement (H) was observed in the non-SANS group (time by SANS interaction, mixed model ANOVA). Data represent mean plus or minus SEM. *P<0.05, **P less than or equal to 0.001. Credit Giuseppe Barisano Usage Restrictions Use with credit to Giuseppe Barisano. License Original content Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.