Ventral Pallidum Diagram Bo Li (IMAGE) Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Caption CSHL Professor Bo Li and colleagues monitored the activity of individual braincells and confirmed those cells' identities with a flash of light. After training mice to associate certain sounds with either a sip of water or a puff of air, they monitored neural activity in the ventral pallidum. Neurons that used the neurotransmitter GABA to dampen activity in the circuit influencing motivation were important in motivating the mice to seek a water reward. The neurons that used the neurotransmitter glutamate to excite the brain circuit were essential for avoiding the air-puff punishment. Credit Li lab/CSHL, 2019 Usage Restrictions Attribution needed License Licensed content Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.