Change in Bee Toxic Load (IMAGE)

Penn State

Change in Bee Toxic Load

Caption

Oral-based bee toxic load increased by 9-fold, on average, across the U.S. This pattern varied by region, with the greatest increase -- 121-fold -- seen in the Heartland, which the U.S. Department of Agriculture defines as all of Iowa, Illinois and Indiana; most of Missouri; and part of Minnesota, Ohio, Kentucky, Nebraska and South Dakota. The Northern Great Plains had the second highest increase at 53-fold. This region includes all of North Dakota and part of South Dakota, Nebraska, Colorado, Wyoming, Montana and Minnesota.

Credit

Scientific Reports; Margaret Douglas, Dickinson College

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